主体性赋权策略下的少数民族地区妇女扶贫研究——以云南省三个苗族村寨为例  

A study on Poverty Alleviation of Women in Minority Areas under the Strategy of Subjective Empowerment:A Case Study of three Miao Villages in Yunnan Province

作　　者：钱宁[1] 王肖静 QIAN Ning;WANG Xiaojing

机构地区：[1]云南大学民族学与社会学学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《社会工作》2020年第2期10-22,108,共14页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新时代中国特色社会福利学科体系的构建研究”(18BSH013);湖南省社会科学基金一般项目“城市新市民社会工作服务的行动研究”(编号:12YBA166)。

摘　　要：妇女贫困的根源在于妇女主体性的缺失,主体性觉醒是妇女赋权和脱贫的关键所在。在主体性视角下,采用行动研究方法反思三个苗族村寨的妇女赋权实践,以考量主体性导向的赋权行动策略能否改变贫困妇女的处境。研究发现:文化建设、生计能力提升、妇女自组织培育等综合性赋权策略让妇女在家庭和社区层面获得了知识、能力、权力、权利等可视的权能。但在赋权过程中,因对权力不平等关系分析不到位,妇女与家庭和社区的关系变得紧张;资源再分配产生的竞争和合作张力下,冲突和矛盾导致妇女群体内外关系疏离和分化;集体赋权的方式忽略了妇女个体之间的差异,带来妇女个体的边缘化;外来者与主体关系处理不当造成发展主体的依赖。妇女赋权的路径选择应考虑妇女贫困的多元化和复杂性,将宏观政策与微观干预、集体赋权与个体赋权相结合,尊重发展主体的自主性。The root of women's poverty lies in the lack of women's subjectivity,which is the key to women's empowerment and poverty eradication.From the perspective of subjectivity,this paper rethinks the practice of women empowerment in three Miao villages by means of Action Research,in order to consider whether the subjectivity-oriented empowerment strategy can change the situation of poor women.It is found that comprehensive empowerment strategies,such as cultural construction,livelihood capacity enhancement and self-organization and cultivation of women,enable women to acquire knowledge,capacity,power,rights and other visible empowerment at the level of family and community.However,in the process of empowerment,the relationship between women and their families and communities becomes strained due to inadequate analysis of unequal power relations,and competition and cooperation resulting from the redistribution of resources,conflicts and contradictions lead to the alienation and differentiation of the relationship between women and the outside world;The way of collective empowerment neglects the differences between individual women,which leads to the marginalization of individual women,and the improper relationship between the outsider and the subject leads to the dependence of the development subject.The Path choice of women's empowerment should consider the diversity and complexity of women's poverty,Combine macro-policy with micro-intervention,collective empowerment with individual empowerment,and respect the autonomy of the development subject.

关 键 词：贫困女性化 妇女赋权 主体性 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]