新冠肺炎疫情丧亲者哀伤控制及社会工作介入  

The Grief Control of the Bereaved in COVID-19 and Social Work Intervention

作　　者：徐晓军[1] 汤素素[2,3] 袁秋菊 XU Xiaojun;TANG Susu;YUAN Qiuju

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学社会学院,武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学,武汉430079 [3]湖北工程学院政治与法律学院

出　　处：《社会工作》2020年第2期53-61,111,共10页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“断裂与重构:精神障碍患者边缘化及其社区康复研究”(19YJC840037)。

摘　　要：由于生命告别环节缺失、死亡威胁与疾病污名、群体性的哀伤反应等因素交织,新冠肺炎疫情丧亲者的哀伤经历了特殊的演化过程在“震惊与逃避”阶段,丧亲部分“丧失性”反应前置于丧亲事件,现实困境迫使其哀伤剧痛期推迟;在“面对与瓦解”阶段,丧亲者一般会陷入丧失导向型哀伤,罹患延长性哀伤障碍和创伤后应激障碍风险增加;在“接纳与重组”阶段,丧亲者顺利进入的难度加大,还可能陷入摆动紊乱型哀伤。鉴于新冠肺炎疫情造成的丧亲者哀伤的特殊性,为避免丧亲者过度哀伤可能引发的个体和社会风险,居丧社会工作应及时采取分阶段、分类型的针对性干预措施,引导丧亲者适度宣泄哀伤情绪,逐步接受丧亲的事实,从而平稳过渡到摆动导向型哀伤模式,最终实现自我疗愈与生活重建。Grief for the death of the COVID-19 has experienced a special evolution process due to the lack of life farewell,death threats and stigma,mass grief reaction and other factors.First,part of the"lost response"precedes the bereavement event;In the"shock and escape"stage,the difficulty of reality also force the sharp pain of grieving period to be postponed.In the"face and collapse"stage,the loss-oriented grief work is the only way which must be passed for the bereaved,and the risk of suffering from prolonged grieving disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder increases.It is more difficult for the bereaved to enter the"acceptance and reorganization"stage smoothly,while they may also be involved in the disorder of movementoriented grief work.In view of the specificity of grief caused by COVID-19,social work interventions should be taken in stages and classified according to the possible individual and social risks caused by the bereavement.The social work should be guided by a timely and targeted intervention to guide the bereaved family to moderate their grief and gradually accept the fact of bereavement,thus smoothly transferring to the swinging-oriented grief pattern and finally realizing the recovery and reconstruction of self-life.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎 丧亲者 哀伤控制 社会工作 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]