An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations  

作　　者：Katharina Gatterer Matthias Gumpenberger Marie Overbye Bernhard Streicher Wolfgang Schobersberger Cornelia Blank 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Sports Medicine,Alpine Medicine&Health Tourism,Private University for Health Sciences,Medical Informatics and Technology,Hall in Tirol,Tyrol 6060,Austria [2]Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport,University of Stirling,Stirling FK94LA,UK [3]Institute of Psychology,Private University for Health Sciences,Medical Informatics and Technology,Hall in Tirol,Tyrol 6060,Austria [4]Tirol Clinics(Tirol-Kliniken),Tyrol 6020,Austria

出　　处：《Journal of Sport and Health Science》2020年第3期228-239,共12页运动与健康科学（英文）

基　　金：part of a project supported by the International Olympic Committee 2016 Anti-Doping Research Fund。

摘　　要：Background: One main purpose of the World Anti-Doping Agency was to harmonize anti-doping efforts, including the provision of anti-doping education. A multifaceted approach to doping prevention can play a key role in preventing intentional and unintentional doping. This article aimed to systematically record and evaluate doping prevention approaches in the form of information and education activities of national antidoping organizations(NADOs) and assess the extent to which a multifaceted doping prevention approach has been realized.Methods: Data on anti-doping information and education activities of 53 NADOs were collected via a survey and an online search of the NADOs' websites. Prevention activities were classified into knowledge focused, affective focused, social skills, life skills, and ethic-and valuebased.The implementation of the prevention activities was assessed by 4 independent raters using a modified visual analogue scale.Results: In total, 59% of the NADOs(n = 38) returned the survey and 70%(n = 45) had information available online. The data were combined for the visual analogue scale assessment. Overall, 58% of the NADOs(n = 37) reported offering activities including elements of all 5 approaches.Results of the raters' assessments indicated that the knowledge-focused approach was best implemented;the implementation of the other 4 approaches was largely unsatisfactory. The most common barriers to implementing doping prevention programs reported by the NADOs were lack of resources(n = 26) and difficulties in collaborating with sports organizations(n = 8).Conclusion: Results show a discrepancy between NADOs' self-report data and the implementation assessment. Even though the NADOs indicated otherwise, most of their education-based approaches did not address aspects of the visual analogue scale(e.g., resisting peer pressure) and only a few programs were ongoing. Possible explanations might be found in the reported barriers(e.g., financial). Concrete guidelines defining multifaceted, values-based educatio

关 键 词：ANTI-DOPING program Doping PREVENTION Education HARMONIZATION NADO 

分 类 号：G803[文化科学—运动人体科学] R872[文化科学—体育学]