肉猪次级产品转化率的历史进程  

Conversion efficiency of porkers’secondary products:A historical perspective

作　　者：胥刚[1] 滚双宝[2] 任继周[1] XU Gang;GUN Shuangbao;REN Jizhou(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第5期827-832,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31702174);生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目(2019-2023年)。

摘　　要：以猪肉生产的肉料比为主轴,讨论由野猪到家猪的饲养生物学效率的发展过程。中国将野猪驯化为家猪与人的定居历史同样久远,分布广泛。从原始氏族社会到农耕社会,再到现代工业化社会,猪从初级生产到次级生产的肉料转化生物学效率提高了20多倍。中国氏族社会养猪的肉料比为1∶8~1∶10;农耕社会分散养猪为1∶4~1∶6,而1∶5居多数;目前初级现代化养猪为1∶3.5。中国2017年的初级现代化养猪和分散养猪各占50%。如将分散饲养的猪改为初级现代化饲养,可节约4005万t食物当量,高于陕西、甘肃、山西三省全年粮食产量之和。猪食与人食虽有部分重复兼用,但其食物生态位差异明显。如将猪食与人食在国家生产规划和统计项目中分别立项,以便为重新构建中国农业生态系统提供依据,则既符合生态系统多样性原则,也可大幅度提高我国农业生产力。In this paper,the developmental process of feeding biological efficiency in pork production,from wild boar raising to domestic swine rearing,was analyzed on the basis of the feed conversion rate.The history of domesticating wild boars into reared swine is as long as the history of human settlement,and the distribution of domestication areas was wide.From the primitive clan society to the small farming agricultural society to the modern industrialized society,the biological efficiency of feed conversion in porker raising,from primary production to secondary production,was improved 20 times.The feed conversion rate of porker raising was 1∶8~1∶10 in the primitive clan society,and 1∶4~1∶6 in the small farming agricultural society.Currently,the feed conversion rate of porker raising is 1∶3.5 in the primarily modernized society.In 2017,the share of primarily modern porker raising and that of scattered porker raising by individual households was 50%for each.If scattered porker raising can be transformed into primarily modern porker raising,about 40.05 million tons of Food Equivalent Units(FEU)can be saved,which is about annual production of the Shaanxi,Gansu and Shanxi Provinces.Although a small amount of human food is used as swine feed,there are significant differences in the ecological niches of human food and swine feed.If they are both treated separately in national production planning and statistical data,different projects will be able to provide evidence for rebuilding the Chinese agro-ecosystem,and agricultural productively can be significantly promoted in alignment with the principles of ecosystem diversity.

关 键 词：猪肉的次级产品转化率 食物生态位 农业系统 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]