多蒸发器低温回路热管的启动特性  

Startup characteristics of a multi-evaporator cryogenic loop heat pipe

作　　者：鲁得浦 谢荣建[2] 文佳佳[2] 刘成 Depu Lu;Rongjian Xie;Jiajia Wen;Cheng Liu(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200083,China;School of Information Science and Technology,ShanghaiTech University,Shanghai 201210,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院上海技术物理研究所,上海200083 [3]上海科技大学信息科学与技术学院,上海201210

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第12期1141-1150,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51776121)资助。

摘　　要：空间探测技术迅速发展,传统的点对点传热方式不再满足多阵列、大面阵结构探测器的散热需求.本研究通过将3个蒸发器以气耦合的方式并联,设计加工了一种用于多点热源散热的多蒸发器低温回路热管(multi-evaporator loop heat pipe,MeLHP),并进行了样机的启动特性实验研究.实验分别通过与单蒸发器回路热管的比较、不同加热方式的比较以及不同充液率的比较,多方面地探究了MeLHP在降温、启动过程中的特性.实验发现,在保证样机在170 K稳定运行的前提下,MeLHP各个支路均与单蒸发器回路热管的启动特性保持高一致性;MeLHP在单蒸发器加热和多蒸发器共同加热的条件下均能启动,单蒸发器加热过程中未加负载的蒸发器在气耦合作用下分享热量保持各蒸发器温度一致,保证三蒸发器的同时启动;工质的初始分配状态会造成降温过程中各蒸发器温度的差异,气耦合的热交换作用调节了各回路温度的一致性,有效抑制了初始状态对温度的影响;考虑了不同充液率的影响,考察了充液率分别为0.6和0.7条件下的启动特性,发现0.7充液率下MeLHP的启动特性能更好地与0.6充液率条件下的单蒸发器回路热管相一致.实验验证了气耦合并联形式下设计的多蒸发器回路热管的启动可行性以及降温规律,对MeLHP的推广应用有重要意义.With the rapid development of space exploration technology, the traditional point-to-point heat transfer methods cannot fulfill the heat dissipation requirements of multi-and large-array detectors. Loop heat pipe is an effective and efficient twophase heat transfer device that has played a significant role in spacecraft for the thermal control system. In addition, it has high heat transfer efficiency, long heat transfer distance, heat switch characteristics, and pipeline flexibility. However,higher requirements are proposed for space thermal control. We need to design and handle more complicated detector structures, heat dissipation from scattered distribution, and heat dissipation of large area array.In this work, a heterotypic loop heat pipe has been investigated to solve the heat dissipation issue of a multi-point distributed heat source. A multi-evaporator loop heat pipe(MeLHP) in low temperature is designed and manufactured, via connecting three evaporators in parallel with gas coupling method. The pipelines are arranged asymmetrically as required.The working temperature is set to 170 K while ethane has been used as a working fluid. A series of experiments are conducted to study the start-up characteristics of the prototype. Different heating methods and various charging ratios are compared with a single evaporator loop heat pipe, where the MeLHP prototype is explored variously in the process of cooling and start-up.Initially, a start-up experiment of a single evaporator loop heat pipe is carried out. As we know, the loop heat pipe(LHP)research is relatively mature, so all the conditions of LHP are adopted for the startup characteristics of MeLHP’s. It is found that every single evaporator of MeLHP has similar performance to that of LHP. Later, we employ different experimental conditions on the evaporators such as various charging ratios and different heating methods. The temperature fluctuation and heat sharing characteristics are compressively analyzed from the comparison of temperature curves at differe

关 键 词：多点分布热源 多蒸发器回路热管 降温过程 启动特性 充液率 

分 类 号：V476[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]