原子核质量的测量  

Nuclear mass measurements

作　　者：王猛[1] 张玉虎[1] 周小红[1] WANG Meng;ZHANG YuHu;ZHOU XiaoHong(Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院近代物理研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2020年第5期50-60,共11页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2016YFA0400504,2018YFA0404401);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(编号:XDPB09)资助项目。

摘　　要：质量是原子核最基本的性质之一,核质量数据在核物理、核天体物理及核技术应用等多个领域得到广泛应用.原子核质量的测量是核物理一个重要的前沿研究课题.本文简要回顾了核质量测量的发展历史,综述目前国际上的研究现状,并介绍了原子核质量数据表的评估工作.基于兰州重离子加速器大科学装置,我们建立了等时性质谱术,精确测量了一批短寿命原子核的质量.随后介绍了兰州的质量测量工作,讨论了新质量数据对原子核的同位旋对称性和天体X射线暴研究的影响.Mass is a fundamental property of atomic nuclei. Nuclear masses are widely used in nuclear physics and astrophysics researches as well as nuclear technique applications. Currently it is the mass spectrometry that dominates the research field of nuclear mass measurement. Thanks to the developments of radioactive nuclear beam facilities and novel mass spectrometers, the experimental knowledge of atomic masses is rapidly expanding along two main directions, namely measurements aimed at high-precision mass values and at the most exotic nuclei far from the stability. In this article, we will review briefly the history of nuclear mass measurements and present the current status. By evaluating all available experimental data from nuclear reactions, radioactive decays and direct mass measurements, the AME(Atomic Mass Evaluation) serves the research community with the most reliable source for comprehensive information related to the nuclear masses. The latest AME was published in March, 2017 as AME2016, which will also be introduced in this article. In recent years, based on the large-scale research facility HIRFL-CSR, we have carried out precision mass measurements for short-lived nuclides by using the isochronous mass spectrometry at Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences. We achieved the highest precision of mass measurements using the Isochronous Mass Spectrometry(IMS) method and set the world record of the shortest half-life of a nuclear state whose mass has ever been measured directly. The IMS with double-time-of-flight has been established for the first time, with which the IMS experiments will be carried out in future. Masses of more than 50 short-lived nuclides have been determined with relative mass uncertainties of 10-6–10-7. The newly obtained mass values have been used to study the relevant nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics problems. We will discuss the impact of the mass results on investigations concerning isospin symmetry in nuclides and rp nucleosynthesis process as examples.

关 键 词：原子核质量 放射性核素 等时性质谱术 

分 类 号：O571[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]