西方现代知识分子观  

A Review of Modern Western Intellectuals

作　　者：曹红[1] CAO Hong(College of Marxism,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学马克思主义学院,北京100875

出　　处：《福建江夏学院学报》2020年第2期90-98,共9页Journal of Fujian Jiangxia University

摘　　要：西方现代知识分子起源于19世纪末的法国和俄国,指主动介入公共生活、从事观念工作的人。从历史发展的脉络来看,西方学者从责任、立场、特性、阶级等多个维度对现代知识分子进行了界定。西方现代知识分子承担的责任可分为形上责任和社会责任两类,也有部分学者批判了知识分子主动履责的行为。若依据萨义德式的完美知识分子标准来界定知识分子,则会导致知识分子队伍凋零;若只从公共性上定义知识分子,不仅缺乏长远眼光且会将重要知识分子排除在外;若只从批判性定义知识分子,则易引起社会波动、凸显精英意识、滑向虚无主义。知识分子应将形上责任和社会责任结合起来,心怀普遍真理与价值,将关怀投向社会与民众。Modern western intellectuals originated in France and Russia at the end of the 19th century,and it refers to people who actively participated in public life and engaged in conceptual work.From the perspective of historical development,western scholars have defined modern intellectuals in terms of responsibilities,positions,characteristics,and classes.The responsibilities undertaken by modern western intellectuals can be divided into two types:meta-responsibility and social responsibility.Some scholars have criticized the intellectuals’active responsibilities.If the intellectuals are defined according to the Said-type perfect intellectual standard,the intellectual team will be withered;if only the intellectuals are defined in public,not only will they lack long-term vision and will exclude important intellectuals;if only from criticalness to define intellectuals,there will be likely to cause social fluctuations,highlight elite consciousness,and move towards nihilism.Intellectuals should combine meta-responsibility with social responsibility,hold universal truth and value,and devote care to society and the people.

关 键 词：西方学者 现代知识分子观 责任 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]