城乡土地银行制度设计:一个新型城乡土地资本化制度探索  

Urban-Rural Land Bank System:An Exploration of New Urban-Rural Land Capitalization System

作　　者：夏方舟[1] 杨雨濛 严金明[1] XIA Fangzhou;YANG Yumeng;YAN Jinming(School of Public Administration&Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2020年第4期48-57,共10页China Land Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71704180);国家社科基金重大项目(17ZDA039);国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(71661137009);中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果。

摘　　要：研究目的:针对城乡土地资源流转不畅、土地资本难以显化、农民土地财产权利保障困难等诸多问题,探索设计提供资源汇集、资金融通、资产评估、信用创造等诸多功能服务的城乡土地资本化制度。研究方法:文献研究法、比较分析法。研究结果:分析了土地资本化的本质内涵和关键难点,参考存款货币银行的功能架构和运作机制,探索设计了包含土地储备、土地存取、土地贷出和土地资本经营4大制度模块的城乡土地银行制度方案。研究结论:建议推进试点运行城乡土地银行制度,以一揽子推进城乡土地一体化调控有序、城乡土地财产权利具体显化、土地市场化流转集聚配置高效、增值收益分配公平合理和土地资本价值不断提升等制度愿景的实现,助推配置市场化、资产权益化、利益共同化、收益长期化和价值最大化的城乡土地制度改革实现。The purposes of this paper are to explore the urban-rural land capitalization system that provides resource pooling,capital financing,asset evaluation,credit creation and many other functional services,and to solve the problems of blocked urban-rural land transfers,difficult land capital manifestation,unstable land right protection and so on.The methods applied are literature review and comparative analysis.The results show that this paper analyzes the essential connotation and key difficulties of land capitalization by referring to the functional structure and operational mechanism of monetary deposit bank,explores and designs an urban-rural land bank system that includes four institutional modules,i.e.,land reserve,land access,land loan and land capital management.In conclusion,pilot operation of urban-rural land bank system is recommended to promote the integration of urban-rural land regulation orderly,the concrete manifestation of urban-rural land property rights,efficient land marketization and transfers,fair incremental revenue distribution and increased land capital value.As such,the reform of urban-rural land institutions,including marketization of allocation,equity of assets,benefit sharing,long-term revenue and value maximization,can be promoted.

关 键 词：土地资本化 土地银行 土地储备 制度设计 配置市场化 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]