英国在中东的“分而治之”政策及其后果  

Britain’s“Divide and Rule”Policy in the Middle East and Its Consequences

作　　者：田文林[1] Tian Wenlin

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院中东研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2020年第3期46-68,共23页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：“分而治之”是一种十分古老的统治政策,在近现代被西方殖民国家“发扬光大”。19世纪到20世纪前期,英国作为塑造中东格局的最重要外部力量,在中东殖民统治主要采取“分而治之”政策。这一殖民遗产给中东带来多重负面影响,具体而言,主要体现在三方面:首先,支持阿拉伯人发动大起义,借以分裂奥斯曼帝国,中东缺乏“核心国家”导致该地区群龙无首,动荡不定;其次,在中东各国间制造纠纷,同时在各国内部制造分歧,由此导致中东各国矛盾四伏,中东国家治理困难重重;再次,扶植犹太人在中东建国,由此为“世纪冲突”——阿以冲突埋下祸端,以色列与阿拉伯世界矛盾愈演愈烈。需要指出的是,二战后,美国取代英国成为中东新霸主,美国从维护自身霸权统治出发,继续在中东推行“分而治之”政策,由此使中东地区至今处在动荡之中。“Divide and rule”is a very ancient ruling policy,which was“carried forward”by Western colonialists in modern times.From the 19th century to the early 20th century,as the largest external force shaping the pattern of the Middle East,the British colonial rule in the Middle East mainly adopted the policy of“divide and rule”.This colonial legacy has had multiple negative effects on the Middle East.Specifically,it is mainly reflected in three aspects.First of all,Britain supported the Arab uprising for splitting the Ottoman Empire.As a result,the lack of“core countries”in the Middle East led to the chaos of the region.Secondly,Britain created disputes among countries in the Middle East,and created contradictions within countries,which led to many conflicts between countries in the Middle East,and many difficulties in the governance of the Middle East countries.Thirdly,Britain supported the establishment of the Jewish state in the Middle East,which has laid the foundation for the“century conflict”between Arabs and Israelis,and Israel is increasingly threatening the Arab world.After the Second World War,the United States replaced Britain as the new hegemony.From the perspective of maintaining its hegemonic rule,the U.S.continued to pursue the policy of“divide and rule”in the Middle East,thus making the Middle East in turmoil to this day.

关 键 词：殖民政策 英国 “分而治之” 中东安全 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]