心理人类学视域下海口府城公期的社会凝聚及相互依赖  

Social Cohesion and Interdependence of Haikou Fucheng Gongqi in the Perspective of Psychological Anthropology

作　　者：张继焦[1] 吴玥 ZHANG Jijiao;WU Yue(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081;Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Haidian District,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学研究生院,北京海淀区100081

出　　处：《河池学院学报》2020年第2期33-40,共8页Journal of Hechi University

基　　金：中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所创新工程项目“人类学视野下的传统——现代转型”(2019MZSCX002);海南省海口市琼山区旅游与文化体育局委托项目“海口市琼山区‘琼台复兴计划’之文化遗产专项研究”。

摘　　要：海口府城是多元移民混杂之地,移民大多数来自同一地域,但是分属不同的宗族,因而府城移民如何构建起互相依赖与认同感是他们首先要面临的重要问题。文章以美籍华裔人类学家许烺光提出的“心理人类学”为理论切入点,分析府城作为千年移民古城是如何通过模拟宗族的相互依赖凝聚社会力量。通过对社会依赖三层面(家庭、社区、城市),社会依赖三类型(精神性依赖与物质性依赖、竞争性依赖与合作性依赖、内部依赖与外部依赖)分别进行探讨,指出府城的诸多庙宇是维系本境、本社区内居民团结的重要场所,是府城当地移民的真正依赖。府城移民社会以庙宇为网络、以社区(“境”)为依赖、以“模拟宗族”为二级群体表现出来,并通过集体“做公期”不断强化具有强烈依赖性的社会关系,同时每个人都处于合作性伙伴关系的包围中,强烈依赖周围作为整体的街坊邻居,形成整个社会的凝聚力量。Fucheng,Haikou enjoys mixed culture of multiple immigrants who came from the same region but different clans,so building social cohesion and interdependence is the first challenge ahead for them.Based on the theory of“psychological anthropology”put forward by Chinese American anthropologist Francis L.K.Hsu,this paper analyzes the social forces behind Fucheng immigrants to condense gathering strength by simulated clan.Through three levels of social dependence(family,community,city),three types of social dependence(spiritual and material dependence,competitive and cooperative dependence,internal and external dependence),it is pointed out that the temples are important places to maintain the unity and dependence of the local immigrants in Fucheng.Therefore,we conclude that Fucheng immigrant society takes temple as the network,community as the dependence force,and“simulated clan”as the secondary group,which all through the collective activity-Gongqi to constantly strengthen their social relations.Surrounded by cooperative partnership,Fucheng citizens strongly rely on their neighbors,thus forming the cohesion of the whole society.

关 键 词：公期 心理人类学 相互依赖 移民社会 模拟宗族 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]