湘南烤烟高温逼熟现象发生的生态因素分析  

Ecological mechanism of heat-forced maturity of flue-cured tobacco in southern Hunan Province

作　　者：谷萌萌 王子腾 倪新程 张臣 张靖媛 罗文君 陈文灿 韩夏冰 张帅广 朱大恒 GU Mengmeng;WANG Ziteng;NI Xincheng;ZHANG Chen;ZHANG Jingyuan;LUO Wenjun;CHEN Wencan;HAN Xiabing;ZHANG Shuaiguang;ZHU Daheng(School of Life Science,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Antu Biological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生命科学学院,郑州450000 [2]郑州安图生物工程股份有限公司,郑州450000

出　　处：《烟草科技》2020年第5期26-32,共7页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司科技重点项目“烤烟高温逼熟形成机制、指标体系与防控技术研究”(110201402011)。

摘　　要：为解决湘南烟区烤烟生产上存在的高温逼熟问题,采用大田试验研究了主要生态因素对烤烟高温逼熟现象发生的影响效应,并分析了烤烟高温逼熟现象形成的机制。结果表明:湘南烟区烤烟高温逼熟现象由综合生态因素引起;前期降雨量和后期高温(日最高温度≥38℃)天数与烟叶高温逼熟率呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.904和0.914;在湘南烟区气候条件下,前期降雨量过多,是导致高温逼熟现象发生的主要前提因素,成熟期高温(日最高温度≥38℃)天数过多是导致高温逼熟现象发生的主要胁迫因素;而成熟期高光强(日最高光强≥100000 Lx)天数过多是高温逼熟现象发生的次要因素。湘南烟区前期降雨过量,造成了烤烟根系发育不良,烟株抗逆性降低且难以适应后期高温,从而导致高温逼熟烟叶现象的发生。In order to control heat-forced maturity during flue-cured tobacco production in southern Hunan tobacco growing areas,the effects of major ecological factors on the heat-forced maturity were studied through field experiments to understand its formation mechanism.The results showed that the heat-forced maturity was caused by a set of comprehensive climatic factors.The rainfall amount in the early stage and the number of days with high temperature(daily maximum temperature≥38℃)in the later growing stage significantly correlated with the heat-forced maturity rate,with the correlation coefficients of 0.904 and 0.914 respectively.Under the climatic conditions in southern Hunan,excessive rainfall in the early stage was the primary factor leading to the heat-forced maturity phenomenon,and excessive number of days with high temperature(daily maximum temperature≥38℃)in the later stage was the major stress factor,while the excessive number of days with high light intensity(dailylight intensity≥100000 Lx)at the maturity stage was the secondary factor.The roots of flue-cured tobacco developed poorly due to excessive rainfall in their early growing,which reduced the plant stress resistance against high temperatures in the mature stage,thus leading to the phenomenon of heat-forced maturity.

关 键 词：湘南烟区 烤烟 高温逼熟 生态因素 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]