基于高斯-分类混合聚类方法的水稻区域化肥减施潜力研究  

Estimation of chemical fertilizer reduction potential for paddy rice using Gaussian-categorical mixture clustering methods

作　　者：张耿苗 麻万诸[2] 任周桥[2] 刘桃霞 项彬彬 黄银飞 吕晓男[2] 邓勋飞[2] ZHANG Geng-miao;MA Wan-zhu;REN Zhou-qiao;LIU Tao-xia;XIANG Bin-bin;HUANG Yin-fei;Lü Xiao-nan;DENG Xun-fei(Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Zhuji City,Zhejiang 311800,China;Institute of Digital Agriculture,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hangzhou 310021,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Donghe Town of Zhuji City,Zhejiang 311833,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Chenzhai Town of Zhuji City,Zhejiang 311823,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Huangshan Town of Zhuji City,Zhejiang 311809,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省诸暨市农业技术推广中心,浙江诸暨311800 [2]浙江省农业科学院数字农业研究所/农业农村部农产品信息溯源重点实验室,杭州310021 [3]浙江省诸暨市东和乡农技站,浙江诸暨311833 [4]浙江省诸暨市陈宅镇农技站,浙江诸暨311823 [5]浙江省诸暨市璜山镇农技站,浙江诸暨311809

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第4期635-645,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200802,2018YFD0200502)。

摘　　要：【目的】综合土壤养分、自然资源禀赋和种植管理方式等多源要素,构建基于高斯-分类混合聚类模型的农田基础肥力分区,为定性描述、定量估计化肥的"稳-控-增"和提高推荐施肥的准确性提供必要的补充。【方法】2008—2017年,共采集6382个农田土壤样品,现场调查了距村距离、土壤类型、耕层质地、成土母质、地貌类型与种植模式等数据,测定了土壤p H及有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量。同时,在研究区内典型位置以当地主栽的‘甬优’、‘秀水’系列品种为试材,布设6个"3414"试验点,共开展了28个试验,获得氮、磷、钾(N、P、K)不同施肥水平下的稻谷产量、最佳推荐施肥量等信息。基于高斯-分类混合聚类方法,联合土壤、气候、地形等自然资源禀赋要素与区域性农业种植模式,对农田基础肥力进行分区,并将各区测土配方试验数据与农户典型施肥数据比较,完成各不同分区的化肥减施潜力估计。【结果】整个研究区域稻田可划分为7个大区,各区与已有农田地力评价等级具有较好的吻合度,对应于较高、中等和较低三级别地力水平分别有4、1和2个分区。影响各农田基础肥力分区的重要因子基本一致,主要为地面高程、土壤速效钾含量、降雨、温度和地貌分区。研究区内水稻的化肥减施潜力分别为减纯氮(N)26.2~71.3(平均48.7)kg/hm^2,减磷肥(P_2O_5)9.9~23.5(平均16.7)kg/hm^2,减钾肥(K_2O)18.5~39.9(平均29.2)kg/hm^2。减肥潜力与分区基础肥力高低总体一致,较高肥力区减肥潜力较大,低肥力区减肥潜力相对较小,但也有较高肥力分区减肥潜力低(如分区3)或较低肥力分区减肥潜力高(如分区6)的情形。从空间分布上看,分区4、5、6、7减氮潜力较大,分区2、7减磷钾肥潜力较大,而分区1、5减磷钾肥潜力较小。【结论】综合自然资源禀赋、土壤及种植管理模式的分区划分,比传统依�【Objectives】Comprehensive considering soil nutrient,landscape,and cropping managements,the paddy fields were divided into fertility zones using Gaussian and categorical mixture model,which would help figurate and quantitative estimation of chemical fertilizer input,and increase the precision of fertilizer recommendation.【Methods】During 2008−2017,6382 paddy field samples were collected in Zhuji City,Zhejiang Province.The distance to village,soil types,surface soil texture,parent materials,landscape and cropping system of the samples were investigated in situ.Then the soil pH,organic matter,total N,available P and available K contents of the samples were measured in laboratory.During the same period,six sites with"3414"experiment design were selected using main rice cultivars of‘Yongyou’and‘Xiushui’as tested materials,and rice yield and optimal NPK fertilizer application rates covering different fertilization levels were obtained from a total of 28 field experiments.A hybrid cluster model combined Gaussian and categorical mixture models were developed for dividing fertility zones with different fertility levels.The fertilizer reduction potential of different zones was estimated based on the optimal fertilization strategy and regular fertilization data of local farmers.【Results】The paddy fields in the whole study area could be divided into seven fertility zones,each of which had a good coincidence with the existed level of farmland fertility.There were four,one and two zones corresponding to the fertility levels with high,moderate and low,respectively.The dominant factors influencing the basic fertility zoning of each farmland were the elevation,soil readily available potassium content,annual precipitation,annual mean temperature and geomorphological zoning.The fertilizer reduction potential in paddy fields was 26.2−71.3(average 48.7)kg/hm2 for N,9.9−23.5(average 16.7)kg/hm2 for P2O5,and 18.5−39.9(average 29.2)kg/hm2 for K2O,respectively.The levels of fertilizer reduction potential were b

关 键 词：混合聚类 减肥潜力 基础肥力分区 推荐施肥量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]