普通尿素与控释尿素配施比例和方法对土壤氮素供应和春玉米产量的影响  

Effects of combination ratio and application method of conventional urea and controlled release urea on soil nitrogen supply and spring maize yield

作　　者：冯朋博 康建宏[1] 梁熠[1] 王乐 王月宁 马雪莹 王浩[1] 坚天才 FENG Peng-bo;KANG Jian-hong;LIANG Yi;WANG Le;WANG Yue-ning;MA Xue-ying;WANG Hao;JIAN Tian-cai(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第4期692-704,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2015BAD22B01);宁夏自然科学基金(2018AAC03003);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2018BBF0218,2019BBF2003)。

摘　　要：【目的】宁夏南部山区玉米生产中施肥不合理,氮素供需矛盾突出。研究普通尿素与控释尿素配施对土壤氮素、酶活性及玉米产量形成的影响,为玉米高产高效栽培提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以先玉698为试材,在施氮225 kg/hm2条件下,设置控释尿素和普通尿素配施比例及施用时期处理:不施肥(T1);普通尿素2/3基施、1/3小喇叭口期追施(T2);1/3控释尿素氮+1/3普通尿素氮基施,小喇叭口期1/3普通尿素氮追施(T3);2/3控释尿素氮+1/3普通尿素氮一次基施(T4);控释尿素一次基施(T5)。探讨不同处理对土壤不同形态氮素含量、土壤酶活性、植株氮素利用效率及产量的影响,并对相关指标进行主成分分析。【结果】在玉米灌浆期,T3、T4、T5处理0—20、20—40 cm土层NH4+-N含量均显著高于T2处理(P<0.05);土壤NO3–-N含量在0—20 cm土层玉米拔节期T2处理较T3、T4、T5处理高,灌浆期T3、T4、T5处理较T2处理高,20—40cm土层,玉米大喇叭口期T2处理较T3、T4、T5处理高,成熟期T3、T4、T5处理较T2处理高,且处理间差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);土壤无机氮含量,在玉米拔节期0—20、20—40 cm土层T2处理较T3、T4、T5处理高,在玉米成熟期0—20、20—40 cm土层T3、T4、T5处理较T2处理高,且处理间差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。在玉米拔节期0—20 cm土层T2处理的脲酶活性较T4、T5处理分别高45.8%、54.7%,同时期20—40cm土层T2处理的土壤脲酶活性分别较T4、T5处理高出38.2%、76.9%,在灌浆期20—40 cm土层T5处理的脲酶活性较T2处理提高15.6%;随着控释尿素比例增加,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性达到峰值的时间延长;过氧化氢酶活性在施控释尿素的土壤中变化不明显。两年试验T4处理的平均产量较T2处理高出6.89%,相对经济效益较T2处理高出6.76%。通过对所测土壤指标与产量进行主成分分析,结果表明硝态氮、无机氮对产量的贡献率最高。【结论】�【Objectives】Unreasonable fertilization in maize(Zea mays L.)production in the mountainous regions of southern Ningxia will cause imbalance between the N supply and demand.We studied the combination ratio and application method of conventional urea and controlled release urea,in order to propose an efficient and economically suitable nitrogen management strategy for maize production.【Methods】In this research,spring maize cultivar‘Xianyu 698’was used as the experimental materials,the controlled release urea(CRU)and conventional urea(urea)were applied in different proportions and growing stages of maize,at the total N input rate of 225 kg/hm2.The five treatments were:T1,no fertilization;T2,urea,2/3 base applied and 1/3 top-dressed;T3,2/3 N(half CRU and half urea)basal applied,and 1/3 N in urea top-dressed;T4,total N basal applied in one time(2/3 CRU+1/3 urea);T5,total N basal applied in one time(100%CRU).The soil N contents and some enzyme activities,and the maize plant N contents and yield were measured.【Results】In grain filling period of maize,the NH4+-N contents in 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers of T3,T4 and T5 were all significantly higher than those of T2.In the 0–20 cm soil layer,the NO3–-N content of T2 was higher than those of T3,T4 and T5,respectively.In the maize filling period,those of T3,T4 and T5 were higher than that of T2,respectively.In the 20–40 cm soil layer,the soil NO3–-N content of T2 was higher than those of T3,T4 and T5,respectively.Those of T3,T4 and T5 were higher than that of T2 in maize ripening period.The difference among treatments in the same period reached a significant level(P<0.05).In the jointing stage of maize,the soil inorganic nitrogen content of T2 in 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers was higher than those of T3,T4 and T5,respectively.In the mature stage of maize,the soil inorganic nitrogen contents of T3,T4 and T5 in 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers were higher than those of T2,respectively.The difference among treatments in the same period reached a

关 键 词：春玉米 控释尿素 配施比例 施用时期 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S153