腐植酸分次施用明显提高富士苹果产量、品质和氮素利用率  

Split application of humic acid significantly improves the yield,quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency of‘Fuji’apple

作　　者：陈倩[1] 李秉毓 张鑫 葛顺峰[1] 姜远茂[1] CHEN Qian;LI Bing-yu;ZHANG Xin;GE Shun-feng;JIANG Yuan-mao(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第4期757-764,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-28);山东省泰山学者工程专项经费。

摘　　要：【目的】研究腐植酸分次施用对富士苹果产量、品质和氮素吸收利用及损失的影响,为腐植酸在苹果生产中的应用提供理论和实践依据。【方法】以5年生烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶为试材,采用^15N同位素示踪技术进行田间试验。试验设置不施腐植酸对照(CK)、腐植酸(1.5 kg/株)分一次(HA1)、两次(HA2)和三次(HA3)施用共4个处理。果实成熟期进行全株破坏性取样,测定各器官含氮量和^15N丰度,以及单株产量和果实品质。采集0—120 cm土层土壤样品,测定其氮素含量和^15N丰度。【结果】与CK相比,HA1、HA2和HA3处理的单果重分别显著提高了4.1%、8.8%、13.6%,单株产量提高了5.4%、11.9%、17.8%,果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比也显著升高,3个处理之间差异也达显著水平,HA3处理效果优于HA2处理及HA1处理(P<0.05)。3个腐植酸处理(HA1、HA2和HA3处理)均显著提高了苹果各器官对氮素的吸收征调能力(Ndff值),各器官的Ndff值均表现为HA3>HA2>HA1>CK;而不同处理各器官的Ndff值均表现为果实最高,其次是叶片、一年生枝、细根、粗根和多年生枝,中心干最低。与CK处理相比,3个施用腐植酸处理^15N利用率分别提高了5.08~13.34个百分点,而损失率分别降低了10.27~20.17个百分点,均以HA3处理效果最佳,HA3处理与其他处理间差异均达到显著水平。不同处理土壤^15N残留量差异显著,3个施用腐植酸处理0—60 cm土层^15N残留量显著高于CK处理,而在60—120 cm土层显著低于CK,0—60 cm各土层^15N残留量均表现为HA3>HA2>HA1>CK。【结论】施用腐植酸能够提高富士苹果产量及品质,促进树体对^15N-尿素的吸收,减少肥料氮向深层土壤的淋溶,腐植酸在3月底、6月中旬和8月中旬分3次施用效果最佳。【Objectives】Split application times of humic acid were studied for the efficient use in‘Fuji’apple production.【Methods】Five-year-old apple trees(Fuji 3/M26/Malus hupehensis)and^15N trace technique were used in the field experiment.There were four treatments:CK(No humic acid),one-time application(HA1),twice application(HA2)and three-times application of humic acid(HA3)in rate of 1.5 kg per tree.Destructive sampling of the whole plant was carried out at fruit maturity stage,the N content and^15N abundance in different organs were determined,the yield and fruit quality were investigated.The soil samples were collected in 0–120 cm dept of soil with an interval of every 20 cm,for the measurement of available N content and^15N abundance.【Results】Compared to CK,the single fruit weight of HA1,HA2 and HA3 were significantly increased by 4.1%,8.8%and 13.6%,and the fruit yield per tree were increased by 5.4%and 11.9%,17.8%,respectively,the fruit hardness,soluble solid and soluble sugar contents and the sugar-acid ratios were all significantly increased,and the difference among the three treatments was significant with each other,with the effects of HA3 treatment better than HA2 and than HA1.The HA1,HA2 and HA3 treatments all improved the Ndff values,and the Ndff values in all the organs showed the same order as HA3>HA2>HA1>CK.Compared to CK,the^15N utilization rates in HA1,HA2 and HA3 treatment were increased by 5.08–13.34 percentage points,while the^15N lose rate were decreased by 10.27–20.17 percentage points;the differences in both the^15N utilization and loss rates among the three HA treatments were significant,and in descent order of HA3>HA2>HA1.The^15N residual amount among the treatments were significantly different.^15N residual amount in 0–60 cm soil layers of the three HA treatments were significantly higher than those of CK,while^15N residual amount in 60–120 cm soil layers were opposite,and^15N residual amount of every layer in 0–60 cm showed the same order as HA3>HA2>HA1>CK.【Conclu

关 键 词：腐植酸 分次施用 ^15N-尿素 苹果 产量 氮素利用与损失 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]