OAO和AO工艺处理城镇生活污水的微生物群落特征分析  

Analysis of microbial community characteristics of OAO and AO processes for domestic wastewater treatment

作　　者：李国令 徐洪斌[1] 马浩亮 杨苗青 LI Guoling;XU Hongbin;MA Haoliang;YANG Miaoqing(School of Water Conservancy and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Henan Guanyu Environmental Protection Technology Company,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利与环境学院,郑州450001 [2]河南冠宇环保科技有限公司,郑州450001

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2020年第3期641-651,共11页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07602-001-002)。

摘　　要：以模拟城镇生活污水为对象,采用AO和OAO 2种工艺进行处理,通过常规水质检测和高通量测序技术来分析和探究导致2种工艺运行效果不同的微生物层面原因。结果表明:OAO工艺对COD和NH3-N的平均去除率略高于AO工艺,但OAO工艺对TN和TP的去除效果较为显著,平均去除率分别比AO工艺高6.01%和3.44%;2种工艺的优势菌门均为Proteobacteria和Bacteroidetes,2种工艺的优势菌纲也均为β-Proteobacteria和γ-Proteobacteria;2种工艺间微生物群落差异性较大,OAO工艺的微生物种群丰度和多样性均大于AO工艺;AO工艺优势菌属为Pseudomonas、Thiothrix、Dechloromonas,OAO工艺为Thermomonas、Dechloromonas、Rhodobacter。此外,Nitrosomonas、Nitrospira作为亚硝化和硝化阶段的重要菌属在AO工艺好氧池的相对丰度为0.05%和0.02%,在OAO工艺中则显著提高,为0.47%和0.45%。其原因是OAO工艺的好氧池污泥BOD负荷较AO小,更适合硝化细菌生长。硝化细菌及其他功能菌在OAO工艺中的大量存在是OAO工艺的能够高效脱氮的主要原因。以上结果可为OAO工艺处理城镇生活污水中优势菌种的筛选及培养提供参考。To reveal the reason for the different domestic wastewater treatment effects of OAO(oxic-anoxicoxic)and AO(anoxic-oxic)process at the perspective of microorganism,the ordinary wastewater quality test and high-throughput sequencing technique were used to analyze the different bacterial community in the activated sludge.The results showed that the average removal rates of COD and NH3-N in OAO process were slightly higher than those in AO process,while TN and TP removal effect by OAO process were significant,and its average removal rates were 6.01%and 3.44%higher than in AO process,respectively.Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the two processes,andβ-Proteobacteria andγ-Proteobacteria were the dominant classes.A significant difference in the bacteria community occurred in these two systems,the abundance and diversity of species in OAO process were greater than AO process.Pseudomonas,Thiothrix,Dechloromonas were the dominant genus in AO process.Thermomonas,Dechloromonas,Rhodobacter were the dominant genus in OAO process.Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira,as important genus of nitrosation and nitrification stages,had a relative abundance of 0.05% and 0.02% in AO process and 0.47% and 0.45% in OAO process,respectively.The higher abundance of these two bacteria in OAO process might correspond to its lower BOD loading of the activated sludge,which was suitable for the growth of nitrifying bacteria.The high abundances of nitrifying bacteria and other functional bacteria in the OAO process ultimately resulted in high nitrogen removal efficiency.The above results can be used as the theoretical basis for the screening and culture of the dominant bacterial in domestic wastewater treatment using OAO process.

关 键 词：AO工艺 OAO工艺 城市生活污水处理 高通量测序 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]