耒水流域土壤重金属污染的时空变异对比  

Comparison of temporal and spatial variability of heavy metal pollution in soil of Leishui river basin

作　　者：李岩[1,2,3] 师华定 刘孝阳 王明浩[2,3,4] 费杨 孙丽静 LI Yan;SHI Huading;LIU Xiaoyang;WANG Minghao;FEI Yang;SUN Lijing(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Technical Center for Soil and Agricultural Rural Ecological Environment Supervision,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China;China Research Academy of Environmental Science,Beijing 100012,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心,北京100012 [3]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [4]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2020年第3期842-852,共11页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFF0213401,2018YFC1800203)。

摘　　要：收集了研究区内2008年的历史数据和2018年采集的最新数据,共计278个样品,分析测试了土壤环境污染常提及的Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn共8类重金属元素,利用单因子指数评价法、内梅罗综合污染指数法以及土壤环境质量评估法评价研究区内西河和耒水2条河流周边的土壤环境质量类别,结合反距离空间插值法以及空间几何分析,直观地展示出研究区2008-2018年土壤重金属的时空变异特征。结果表明:采集的2期数据中除Cr外,Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn表层土壤重金属元素均存在点位超标的情况,说明该研究区中整体存在重金属污染;通过单因子指数评价可知,2期数据单因子指数平均值排前2位的均为Cd和Pb,Cr平均值最小,研究区内2期数据Cr超过98%点位均属于优先保护类点位,Cd、As、Pb均存在超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB 15618-2018)管制值的点位;污染增强区主要分布于采矿及冶炼企业密度较大的西河中上游、耒水上游和耒水下游3个区。为防止今后土壤重金属污染进一步增强,建议对3个高值区采取恰当的管理措施。The historical data of 2008 and the latest data collected in 2018 in the study area are 278 samples in total.Eight heavy metal elements of Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni and Zn,which are often mentioned in soil environmental pollution,were analyzed and tested.The single factor index evaluation method,Nemerow comprehensive index method and soil environmental quality evaluation method were used to evaluate the soil environmental quality types around the two rivers in the research area,Xihe river and Leishui river.Combining the inverse distance spatial interpolation method and map geometry analysis,the spatial and temporal variability of heavy metals in soils of the research area from 2008 to 2018 was visually displayed.The results showed that:except for Cr in these two-period data,Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cu,Ni and Zn in some points of the surface soils were beyond the standard,indicating that a total heavy metal pollution occurred in the research area.According to the single factor index evaluation,the average values of single factor index for Cd and Pb were ranked in the first two order,while the average value for Cr was the smallest.The points in the research area where Cr in the twoperiod data was over 98% belonged to the priority protection category,some points where Cd,As and Pb exceeded the intervention values set in Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(GB 15618-2018)were observed.Pollution aggravated areas were mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of Xihe river with high-density distributed mining and smelting enterprises,the upper reaches of Leishui river and the lower reaches of Leishui river,in order to prevent soil heavy metal pollution from further aggravation in the future.It is suggested that appropriate management measures should be taken in these three high-value areas.

关 键 词：耒水流域 土壤重金属 时空变异特征 环境质量类别 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]