族裔创业、市场竞争与双向影响——纽约唐人街巴士业发展历程探析  

Ethnic Entrepreneurship,Market Competition and Mutual Impact--the Study on the Development of New York Chinatown Bus Industry

作　　者：陈凤兰[1] 梁在[2,3] CHEN Feng-lan;LIANG Zai(Department of Sociology,University of Fuzhou,Fuzhou 350116,China;School of Humanities and Social Science,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Department of Sociology,SUNY at Albany,NY 12222,U.S.)

机构地区：[1]福州大学社会学系,福建福州350116 [2]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,陕西西安710049 [3]纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校社会学系,纽约12222

出　　处：《华侨华人历史研究》2020年第2期1-10,共10页Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“一带一路背景下国际移民流入模式和空间特征研究”(18ZDA33)之阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：论文以纽约唐人街巴士业的发展历程为例,从族裔创业、市场竞争的角度,探讨了由来自中国大陆的新移民所创立的唐人街巴士业,与美国灰狗巴士业的竞争与相互影响。研究显示,唐人街巴士经历了行业发展与调整,保持较好的发展势头,而灰狗巴士依旧保持着行业的领先优势,占据较大的市场份额。外来移民的母国文化及其生活经验有助于他们在异域创业,参与移入国的市场竞争可以促进他们对移居地社会的适应,在一定程度上推动移居地社会的改变。同时。美国本土巴士企业及整个行业,也因为唐人街巴士的竞争而发生转变。跨国移民与移居地社会,通过商业竞争、双向影响而实现优势互补,推动了移民与移居地社会的共同发展。This paper examines the development of the Chinatown bus industry established in New York by new emigrants from China's Mainland.The authors also discuss Chinese bus companies’competition with and impact on the American company Greyhound Lines.Our findings show that Chinese companies have undertaken some adjustments and maintained a good business,but the Greyhound Lines still lead the market with its larger share.Migrants’native culture and life experience contribute to their setup of new businesses in a foreign country;participating in local market competition also helps migrants’adaptation to the host society,which in turn benefits from the social change brought about by migrants.During the process,the American bus industry has also transformed due to competition from Chinatown bus companies.Competition enhances mutual interests,and promotes common good between migrants and the host society.

关 键 词：美国 移民研究 社会融合 唐人街 巴士业 灰狗巴士 

分 类 号：D634.371.1[政治法律—政治学]