海南岛典型水稻土硅形态空间分布特征及其有效性的影响因素  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Silicon Fractions and Factors Influencing their Availability in Typical Paddy Soils in Hainan Island

作　　者：吕烈武[1] 王朝弼 吴蔚东[2] 吴治澎[2] LYU Liewu;WANG Chaobi;WU Weidong;WU Zhipeng(Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hainan,Haikou 571500,China;College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省土壤肥料站,海南海口571500 [2]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2020年第3期81-89,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才基金(2019RC022)。

摘　　要：【目的】深入研究海南岛典型水稻土硅形态的分布状况及其有效性的影响因素,为海南岛典型水稻土硅养分的高效施肥管理和硅肥产业的发展提供科学依据。【方法】运用逐级提取法、GIS分析及逐步回归分析相结合的方法,分析海南岛5种典型成土母质(海相沉积物、河流冲积物、玄武岩、花岗岩、砂页岩)发育的水稻土硅形态的空间分布特征和影响有效硅的主控因子。【结果】海南岛典型水稻土有效硅平均含量为44.79 mg/kg,且所有样点有效硅含量低于100 mg/kg,属于缺乏水平。土壤有效硅、有机硅与铁锰氧化结合态硅的高含量主要分布在琼北和东南部,土壤全硅和无定形空间分布呈互补趋势。花岗岩发育水稻土有效态硅占比最低,无定形硅占比最高,玄武岩发育的水稻土有效态硅、有机态硅和铁锰氧化物结合态硅占比最高。除成土母质外,海南岛典型水稻土植物有效态硅主要受土壤pH和速效氮的调控。【结论】海南岛典型水稻土缺乏硅素现象严重,针对不同母质发育的水稻土实施合理施肥和田间管理模式已是当务之急。【Objective】The objective was to deeply study the spatial distribution of silicon fractions and factors influencing their availability in typical paddy soils in Hainan Island,so as to provide scientific basis for the efficient fertilization management of silicon nutrients and the development of silicon fertilizer industry.【Method】Sequential extraction technology combined with GIS and Stepwise Regression Analysis was applied to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of silicon fractions and the main controlling factors of silicon availability in typical rice paddy soil developed from 5 parent materials(marine sediment,fluvial alluvial,basalt,granite and sandy shale)in Hainan Island.【Result】The average available silicon content in typical paddy fields in Hainan Island was 44.79 mg/kg,and the available silicon content in all sample sites was less than 100 mg/kg,belonging to deficiency level.The high contents of soil available,organic and Fe/Mn-oxide silicon were mainly distributed in the northern and southeastern Hainan Island,which exhibited a complementary trend to spatial distribution patterns of the total silicon and amorphous silicon.The percent of soil available silicon in granite-based paddy fields was the lowest and that of the amorphous silicon was the highest,while the percent of soil available,organic and Fe/Mn-oxide silicon was highest compared to other parent materials.Except for the soil parent material,the availability of soil silicon in typical paddy fields of Hainan Island was mainly regulated by soil pH and available nitrogen.【Conclusion】Considering the serious silicon deficiency in typical paddy soils,it is urgent to implement reasonable fertilization and field management measures for paddy soils derived from different parent materials.

关 键 词：水稻土 海南岛 土壤硅形态 硅养分 有效硅 空间分布 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]