不同喷雾因子对植保无人飞机防除小麦田杂草效果的影响  

Effect of different spray factors on weed control in wheat field by unmanned aerial vehicle

作　　者：高兴祥[1] 李美[1] 李健[1] 房锋[1] GAO Xingxiang;LI Mei;LI Jian;FANG Feng(Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology,Institute of Plant Protection,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,山东省植物病毒学重点实验室,济南250100

出　　处：《农药学学报》2020年第2期340-346,共7页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200305).

摘　　要：为明确施药液量、雾滴粒径大小和助剂等不同喷雾因子对极飞P-20植保无人飞机防除小麦田杂草效果的影响,于2019年以30 g/L甲基二磺隆悬浮剂+20%双氟·氟氯酯水分散粒剂为试验药剂,研究了上述喷雾因子对药剂雾滴沉积量以及对杂草防除效果的影响。药剂沉积量测定结果表明:低施药液量(11.25 L/hm^2)处理的沉积量最低,仅为0.67μg/cm^2,沉积率为22.37%,其次是大雾滴粒径,沉积量为1.07μg/cm^2,沉积率为35.62%,这2个处理药剂的沉积量略低于其他飞防处理(沉积量在1.16~1.52μg/cm^2之间,沉积率在38.73%~50.83%之间),但所有飞防处理的沉积量均明显低于常规喷雾器处理(沉积率为67.00%)。杂草防效结果表明:于小麦田应用极飞P-20植保无人飞机防除杂草,最适宜的施药液量为15.0~22.5 L/hm^2,在3个施药液量11.25、15.0和22.5 L/hm^2下,杂草总鲜重防效分别为74.8%、85.9%和88.2%;最适宜的雾滴粒径为中型,在小、中、大不同雾滴粒径下,杂草总防效分别为84.2%、86.2%和78.2%;最适宜的两种助剂是易滴滴F和迈飞,杂草总鲜重防效分别为88.9%和87.4%。农户常规喷雾药液沉积量为2.01μg/cm^2,杂草鲜重防效为87.6%。极飞P-20植保无人飞机在合适的喷雾因子下,具有省时省水的优势,虽然雾滴沉积量低于常规喷雾,但最终防效与常规喷雾差异不大。In order to clarify the effects of different spray factors,such as spray volume,droplets size and spray adjuvants,on Jifei P20 UAV for thecontrol of weeds in wheat fields,the experimentswerecarried out using mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L SC+paradigm arylex 20%WDG as a model herbicide in 2019.The results of deposition experiment showed that the worst deposition(0.67μg/cm^2)was observed by the treatment of low spray volume(11.25 L/hm^2)and the corresponding deposition rate was only 22.37%.The treatment of large droplet size with 1.07μg/cm^2 deposition and the deposition rate 35.62%was slightly lower than that of other treatments using UAV(deposition was 1.16-1.52μg/cm^2 and the deposition rate 38.73%-50.83%),but significantly lower than conventional spray with deposition rate 67.00%.The results of weed control experiment showed that the optimum spray volume was 15.0-22.5 L/hm^2.And the total fresh weights of weeds were 74.8%,85.9%and 88.2%by using the spray volumes of 11.25,15.0 and 22.5 L/hm^2,respectively.The optimum sprinkler head was the medium-size one.The total weed control efficiencies using small,medium and large droplet sizes were74.8%,85.9%and 88.2%,respectively.The optimum spray adjuvants were EDDF and Maifei,and their control effects on the total fresh weights of weeds were 88.9%and 87.4%,respectively.The deposition using the conventional spray was 2.01μg/cm^2,and the fresh weight effect was 87.6%.The Jifei P20 UAV has the advantage of time-and water-saving under suitable spray factors.Although the droplet deposition was lower than that of conventional spray,but the weed control effect was not much different from that of conventional spray..

关 键 词：喷雾因子 植保无人飞机 雾滴粒径 沉积量 杂草防效 助剂 

分 类 号：S252.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]