掌叶半夏开花特性及繁育生物学研究  

Study on flowering characteristics and reproductive biology of a medicinally important plant Pinellia pedatisecta Schott

作　　者：张庚[1] 张笑玲 孟义江[2] 靳小莎 李会[1] 葛淑俊[1] ZHANG Geng;ZHANG Xiaoling;MENG Yijiang;JIN Xiaosha;LI Hui;GE Shujun(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry,Baoding 071000,China;College of Life Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,农学院/华北作物种质资源教育部重点实验室,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学生命科学学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2020年第2期47-52,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系中药材创新项目(HBCT2018060201、HBCT2018060202).

摘　　要：为明确掌叶半夏(Pinellia pedatisecta Schott)的开花特性和繁育系统,本研究文以散粉后不同时间的掌叶半夏花粉为材料进行花粉活力测定方法的筛选,并以此测定花粉活力的变化规律;采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检测散粉前后不同时间内柱头可授性的变化;运用杂交指数、花粉/胚珠比和人工授粉试验对掌叶半夏繁育系统进行研究。结果表明:首先建立了适合掌叶半夏花粉活力测定的离体萌发法,其中硼酸浓度为100 mg/L,蔗糖浓度为10%,花粉萌发达到最大值73.56%;掌叶半夏在散粉第2天花粉量最多,花粉活力最高(73.87%);附属器顶端刚露出佛焰苞时柱头具有可授性,从佛焰苞部分打开到散粉当天,柱头可授性较强;结合杂交指数、花粉/胚珠比和人工授粉试验判断,掌叶半夏繁育系统属于兼性异交,自交亲和,有时需要传粉者,掌叶半夏为常异花授粉植物。为掌叶半夏杂交育种和种子繁育体系建立奠定了理论和技术基础。To determine the flowering characteristics and reproductive biology of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott(P. pedatisecta), this study screened the test method for pollen viability and further tested the dynamic changing rule of pollen, and the stigma receptivity was tested by the benzidine-H2O2 method. The overall reproductive system was studied through evaluation of out-crossing index, pollen-ovule ratio as well as artificial pollination experiment. The findings showed that the optimal method for pollen viability was pollen germination in vitro(germination ratio 73.56%) in the BK medium with 10% sucrose and 10 mg/L H3BO3. The highest pollen viability and quantity were observed at the 2^nd day of pollen releasing, the pollen viability reaching 73.8%. Stigma became receptive before the top of appendage appeared from spathe and reached peak when spathe opened completely. The reproductive system of P. pedatisecta could be judged to be facultative outcrossing, self-compatible and pollinator needed sometimes. In conclusion, P. pedatisecta has been preliminarily evaluated as often cross-pollinated plant, which lays the theoretical foundation for hybrid technology and seed production system.

关 键 词：掌叶半夏 花粉活力 柱头可授性 繁育系统 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]