河北省地下水浅埋区冬小麦田土壤水分及氮磷分布研究——以安新县为例  

Distribution of soil moisture,nitrogen and phosphorus in winter wheat field of shallow groundwater-covered area of Hebei Province――Take Anxin County as an example

作　　者：王哲 夏辉[1] 袁浩 陈竞尧 柴景伟 WANG Zhe;XIA Hui;YUAN Hao;CHEN Jingyao;CHAI Jingwei(College of Urban and Rural Construction,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Water Conservancy Bureau of Shunping County,Baoding 072250,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学城乡建设学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北省保定市顺平县水利局,河北保定072250

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2020年第2期103-110,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省科技重点应用基础研究项目(15963608D);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2015204205).

摘　　要：地下水与土壤水分之间联系密切,尤其是地下水埋深较浅的地区,为揭示河北省地下水浅埋区冬小麦田2m土层范围内土壤水分及氮磷分布情况,以安新县白洋淀周边冬小麦种植农田为例,于2015-2017年两季冬小麦种植期开展定位田间试验。结果表明:在农民传统田间管理下,两季冬小麦种植期土壤含水率均随深度的增加呈先减小再增加趋势,80 cm土层后土壤含水率基本维持在26%左右;两季土壤硝态氮140 cm土层深度以上硝态氮累积多,140 cm土层深度以下两季硝态氮含量趋近值具有差异性,施肥导致2 m土层范围内土壤硝态氮含量增加,土壤残留的硝态氮累积多,淋溶风险大;两季土壤铵态氮变化具有一致性,大致都稳定在0.7mg/kg左右;两季土壤有效磷均随土壤深度的增加呈减小的趋势,大致分布在4mg/kg左右,两季冬小麦种植期表土层铵态氮及有效磷降幅最大,主要受施肥的影响。本研究成果对白洋淀生态环境的可持续发展具有重要现实意义,同时可为提高地下水浅埋区冬小麦种植农田水分利用提供参考,也可避免因过量施肥造成农业面源污染及地下水污染。There is a close relationship between groundwater and soil moisture, especially in areas where groundwater depth is shallow. In order to reveal the distribution of soil moisture and nitrogen and phosphorus in the 2 m soil layer of winter wheat field in shallow ground area of Hebei Province, this research takes the winter wheat planting area around Baiyangdian of Anxin County as an example, and conducts a field experiment in the winter wheat planting period of 2015-2017. The results showed that under the traditional field management, the soil water content of winter wheat in two seasons decreased first and then increased with the increase of depth, and the soil water content basically maintained at about 26% in soil layer deeper than 80 cm. The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen was large in two-season soil layer deeper than 140 cm,and the approaching values of nitrate nitrogen content were different in the two seasons below 140 cm soil depth. Fertilization resulted in an increase in soil nitrate nitrogen content in the 2 m soil layer, and the accumulation of residual nitrate nitrogen in the soil was high,the risk of leaching being large. The change of soil ammonium nitrogen is consistent in the two seasons, which is about 0.7 mg/kg. The available phosphorus in the two seasons decreases with the increase of soil depth, which is about 4 mg/kg. The decrease of surface ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in winter wheat planting period in the two seasons is the largest, mainly affected by fertilization. The research results have important practical significance for the sustainable development of Baiyangdian ecological environment. At the same time, it can provide reference for improving the water use of winter wheat planting farmland in shallow groundwater area, and avoid agricultural non-point source pollution and groundwater pollution caused by excessive fertilization.

关 键 词：含水率 硝态氮 铵态氮 有效磷 冬小麦 地下水浅埋区 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学] TV93[农业科学—农业基础科学]