高温环境下混合预冷对男性中长跑运动员体温调节和有氧耐力运动表现的影响  

Effects of Mixed Pre-cooling on Male Middle-and Long-Distance Runner’s Thermoregulation and Aerobic Endurance Performance in the Heat

作　　者：许毅枭 高炳宏[2] 赵永才 孟志军[1,3] XU Yixiao;GAO Binghong;ZHAO Yongcai;MENG Zhijun(Shanghai University of Sport,School of Kinesiology,Shanghai 200438,China;Shanghai University of Sport,School of Physical Education and Training,Shanghai 200438,China;Yunnan Institute of Sport Science,Kunming 650041,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438 [2]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438 [3]云南省体育科学研究所,云南昆明650041

出　　处：《体育科学》2020年第4期42-49,89,共9页China Sport Science

基　　金：新建上海市重点实验室项目(11DZ2261100);国家体育总局奥运科技攻关项目(2018046)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨高温环境下混合预冷对男性中长跑运动员体温调节和有氧耐力运动表现的影响。方法:10名男性中长跑运动员随机分为对照组(PC)5人和混合预冷组(MP)5人。2组被试在标准热身后,进行20 min预冷,PC组每5 min摄入1.5 g/kg,共7.5 g/kg的25℃运动饮料,MP组每5 min摄入1.5 g/kg,共7.5 g/kg的5℃运动饮料,并在预冷期间持续使用手部负压冷却设备CoreControlTM。预冷结束后10 min在30℃~31℃的相对湿度为57%的室外标准田径场进行5 km跑步测试。采用独立样本t检验分析5 km测试成绩和出汗率,采用双因素重复测量方差分析在不同时间点测得的核心温度、皮肤温度等数据,用Bonferroni进行两两比较,P<0.05为具有显著性差异。结果:预冷期间,预冷和时间的交互作用对胃肠温度(Tgi),体温(Tb)和生理应激指数(PSI)具有显著性差异(P<0.001,ES=2.96;P<0.001,ES=2.41;P=0.001,ES=1.6),预冷结束时MP与PC的Tgi,PSI具有显著性差异(P=0.003,P=0.001)。预冷和时间的交互作用对皮肤温度(Tsk),热量储存(HS),心率(HR)无显著性差异(P=0.975,P=0.263,P=0.071)。5 km测试期间,预冷和时间的交互作用对Tgi、Tsk、Tb、HS、PSI、HR均无显著性差异义(P>0.05),预冷对Tgi、PSI的主效应具有显著性差异(P=0.028,ES=1.68;P=0.013,ES=2.11)。MP与PC的SW无显著性差异(P=0.63)。MP与PC的5 km完成时间具有显著性差异(P=0.035)。结论:高温环境下,预冷摄入冷饮结合手部负压冷却降低运动前的核心温度和生理应激程度,能够在5 km测试期间延缓核心温度升高和生理应激程度,提高有氧耐力运动表现。To investigate the effects of mixed pre-cooling on male middle-and long-distance runner’s thermoregulation and endurance performance in the heat. Ten trained male runners were randomly divided into either a control group(PC, n=5) or a mixed pre-cooling group(MP, n=5). A 20 min pre-cooling program was conducted after a 10 min standard warm up, i. e., the PC group ingested 1.5 g/kg sports drinks(25 ℃) at every 5 min;the MP group ingested 1.5 g/kg sports drinks(5 ℃) at every 5 min, and they were cooled by using the cooling gloves called CoreControlTM at the same time. Each participant performed a 5 km time trial(5 km TT) in the heat(30~31 ℃, 57% relative humidity) after pre-cooling. During pre-cooling, the interactive effects of pre-cooling and time on gastrointestinal temperature(Tgi), body temperature(Tb) and physiological strain index(PSI) were significant(P<0.001,ES=2.96;P<0.001, ES=2.41;P=0.001, ES=1.6), and the Tgi and PSI were significantly different between PC and MP at the end of pre-cooling(P=0.003, P=0.001). No significant interactive effects of pre-cooling and time significance on skin temperature(Tsk),heat storage(HS), and heart rate(HR) were observed(P=0.975, P=0.263, P=0.071). During the 5 km TT, the interactive effects of pre-cooling and time on Tgi, Tsk, Tb, HS, PSI, HR were not significant(P>0.05), and the main effects of pre-cooling on Tgi and PSI was significant(P=0.028, ES=1.68;P=0.013, ES=2.11). There was no significant difference in sweat rate between MP and PC group(P=0.63). There was a significant difference in the 5 km TT between MP and PC group(P=0.035). Cold drink combined with hand cooling can reduce the core temperature and physiological strain index before exercise in the heat, it can also delay the increase of core temperature and physiological strain index during the 5 km TT which resulted in the improvement of the aerobic endurance performance.

关 键 词：高温 混合预冷 男性中长跑运动员 体温调节 有氧耐力运动表现 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]