西北地区1270例儿童变应原检测结果分析  

Analysis of 1270 cases of children allergens in Northwest China

作　　者：王洁[1] 王蓓[1] 朱晶 樊孟耘 WANG Jie;WANG Bei;ZHU Jing(Xi’an Children’s Hospital,Xi’an 710003)

机构地区：[1]西安市儿童医院,西安710003

出　　处：《陕西医学杂志》2020年第6期699-703,共5页Shaanxi Medical Journal

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划青年项目(2019JQ-434);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目(2020JM-606);陕西省卫生健康委员会科研基金资助项目(2018D006);西安市科技计划项目(J201902034)。

摘　　要：目的:分析西北地区变应原分布及年龄相关特点。方法:采用欧蒙印迹法、皮肤点刺试验对1270例临床考虑变应性疾病患儿行变应原检测并分析。结果:①570例儿童血清特异性IgE检测检出率75.26%。700例皮肤点刺实验检出率74.86%。②429例特异性IgE检测阳性结果中主要吸入性变应原依次为艾蒿(23.35%)、螨组(14.13%)和霉菌(7.78%);主要食入性变应原依次为蛋清(13.05%),花生(8.14%)和淡水鱼(7.43%)。524例皮肤点刺实验阳性结果中主要变应原依次为粉尘螨(21.94%)、户尘螨(22.65%)和大籽蒿粉(16.77%)。③哮喘患儿单纯吸入变应原致敏25%,单纯食入变应原致敏22.22%,混合性致敏52.67%。皮炎患儿单纯吸入变应原致敏4.69%,单纯食入变应原致敏64.84%,混合性致敏30.47%。变应性鼻炎患儿单纯吸入变应原致敏84.21%,单纯食入变应原致敏5.26%,混合性致敏10.52%。④5岁变应原阳性率达60%,8岁达80%呈上升趋势;并且逐渐合并多种变应原致敏,以螨组+花粉较为常见,合并两种变应原致敏较三种以上更为常见。结论:①西北地区儿童吸入性变应原主要是螨组和艾蒿。②吸入性变应原是变应性鼻炎的主要致敏原;哮喘患儿食入、吸入因素应同时考虑;皮炎患儿以食物致敏为主。③3岁以上患儿变应原阳性率升高,并逐渐出现多种变应原致敏,且以螨组+花粉较为常见。Objective:To analyze the distribution and age-related characteristics of allergens in Northwest China.Methods:Euroline Atopy(China)(IgE)and skin prick test(SPT)were used to detect and analyze allergens in 1270 children with allergic diseases.Results:The detection rate of serum specific IgE(SIgE)in 570 children was 75.26%,in 700 cases of skin prick test was 74.86%.The main inhalational allergens detected by specific IgE in 429 positive results were Artemisia(23.35%),mite group(14.13%)and fungus(7.78%)in turn,and the main food allergens were egg white(13.05%),peanut(8.14%)and freshwater fish(7.43%)in turn.The main allergens detected by SPT in 524 positive results were dust mite(21.94%),household dust mite(22.65%)and Artemisia powder(16.77%).25%of children with asthma had inhaled allergens simply,22.22%had ingested allergens simply,and 52.67%had mixed allergens.4.69%of children with dermatitis had inhaled allergens simply,64.84%had ingested food allergens,and 30.47%had mixed allergens.84.21%of children with allergic rhinitis had inhaled allergens,5.26%had ingested food allergens,and 10.52%had mixed allergens.The positive rate of 5 years old allergens was 60%and that of 8 years old allergens was 80%,and gradually combined with a variety of allergens.Mite group+pollens were more common,and two allergens were more common than three or more allergens.Conclusion:Children inhalational allergens in Northwest China are mainly mite group and Artemisia.Inhaled allergens are the main allergens of allergic rhinitis.The factors of inhalation and ingestion should be considered simultaneously in children with asthma.The children with dermatitis are often sensitized with food allergens.The positive rate of allergens is increased in children over 3 years old,and a variety of allergens sensitization appear gradually,mite group and pollen are more common.

关 键 词：变态反应性疾病 变应原 血清特异性IgE检测 皮肤点刺试验 儿童 

分 类 号：R593.1[医药卫生—内科学]