2011-2018年西部某省麻风病流行现状及防治效果分析  

Analysis on prevalence and control effect of leprosy in one province of western China from 2011 to 2018

作　　者：蔺兆星[1] 李鸽 王冠 贺琪 干娜[1] 王耀斐[1] 冯清华[1] LIN Zhaoxing;LI Ge;WANG Guan(Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control,Xi’an 710003)

机构地区：[1]陕西省地方病防治研究所,西安710003

出　　处：《陕西医学杂志》2020年第6期759-762,共4页Shaanxi Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的:分析西部某省2011-2018年麻风病流行现状及防治效果,为《全国消除麻风病危害规划(2011-2020年)》(《规划》)终期目标和各项指标的实现提供科学依据。方法:收集西部某省2011-2018年的麻风病病例554例,对其密切接触者进行相关检查,部分患者进行治疗管理及联合化疗;观察并记录分析新发病例、复发病例;并对相关医务人员进行培训,调查麻风病核心知识的知晓率。结果:2011-2018年,全省新发现病例115例,复发病例8例,麻风病患者密切接触者年检查率均保持在95%以上,麻风病患者早期发现率25.22%,新发现患者2级畸残比34.78%;共治疗管理现症患者235例,联合化疗覆盖率100%,规则治疗率99.43%,严重麻风病不良反应治疗率100%,患者开始联合化疗后2年内新发生畸残者控制在10%以内;省级培训16期1121人次,市级培训131期4137人次,县级培训643期32473人次;公众麻风病核心知识知晓率91.21%,麻风病患者密切接触者知晓率97.17%。2018年底,全省现症麻风患者较2010年底减少了49.02%,有1个县(区)患病率未控制在1/10万以下。结论:全省实施《规划》各项工作进展顺利,在治疗管理、不良反应处置及畸残预防和康复、培训与督导、宣传教育等方面成效显著。但在防治业务服务体系及能力建设、早期主动发现、宣传教育、关爱麻风病患者和治愈者等方面仍需进一步加强。Objective:To analyze the epidemic situation and control effect of leprosy in one province of western China from 2011 to 2018,so as to provide a scientific basis for the realization of the final goals and indicators of the National Plan to Eliminate Leprosy Hazards(2011-2020).Methods:554 leprosy cases from 2011 to 2018 in western China were collected,and their close contacts were examined,and some patients were treated,managed and combined with chemotherapy;new cases and recurrent cases were observed,recorded and analyzed;and relevant medical personnel were trained to investigate the awareness rate of leprosy core knowledge.Results:From 2011 to 2018,there were 115 new cases of leprosy and 8 recurrent cases of leprosy in the province.The annual examination rate of close contacts of leprosy patients was maintained over 95%,the early detection rate of leprosy patients was 25.22%,and the ratio of grade 2 teratological disability of newly discovered patients was 34.78%.A total of 235 cases of present patients were treated and managed.The coverage rate of combined chemotherapy was 100%,the regular treatment rate was 99.43%,and the adverse reaction rate of severe leprosy was 100%.The new abnormal disability of patients within 2 years after the combination chemotherapy started was controlled within 10%.There were 1121 person-times in 16 training sessions at the provincial level,4137 person-times in 131 training sessions at the municipal level,and 32473 person-times in 643 training sessions at the county level.The awareness rate of the core knowledge of leprosy was 91.21%,and the awareness rate of the close contacts of leprosy patients was 97.17%.At the end of 2018,the number of leprosy patients in the province had decreased by 49.02% compared with that at the end of 2010,and the prevalence rate in one county(district) was not controlled below 1/100000.Conclusion:The implementation of the"plan" in the province is progressing smoothly, with remarkable achievements in treatment management,adverse reaction treatment,preventio

关 键 词：麻风病 流行病学 防治 效果 分析 西部地区 

分 类 号：R516[医药卫生—内科学]