急诊收治颜面部外伤742例患者的临床特征及护理指导  

Clinical characteristics and nursing guidance of 742 patients with facial trauma

作　　者：吴晓珂[1] 邓琪[1] WU Xiao-ke;DENG Qi(Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital,Henan Province,454000,China)

机构地区：[1]焦作市第二人民医院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《中国医疗美容》2020年第4期75-78,共4页China Medical Cosmetology

摘　　要：目的分析急诊收治颜面部外伤742例患者的临床特征,用以指导护理工作。方法从本院电子病历系统中选择2015年1月~2019年12月的颜面部创伤患者,先以急诊门诊入院中检索,并追踪急诊转住院患者的临床资料。统计性别、年龄、损伤原因、损伤部位、损伤至入院时间、治疗方法、术后效果等信息。结果 742例患者中,男451例,女291例,男女比例为1.55:1。年龄为3岁以下者87例,占12%;3~6岁132例,占18%;6~18岁167例,占23%;18~50岁238例,占32%;50岁及以上者115例,占15%。742例患者均有软组织损伤,损伤部位为额部265例,占36%;面颊部84例,占11%;唇部187例,占25%;下颏124部,占17%;眼眶部49例,占7%;其他33例,占4%。单纯软组织损伤562例,占76%,合并骨组织损伤者180例,占24%。742例患者中,交通伤213例,占29%;摔伤165例,占22%;锐器伤86例,占12%;抓咬伤83例,占11%;暴力伤67例,占9%;坠落伤65例,占9%;工伤事故63例,占8%。742例患者中伤后2h内入院289例,占39%;2~6h内入院256例,占35%;6~12h内入院164例,占22%;12h后入院33例,占4%。742例患者软组织损伤伤口一期愈合725例,占98%;延期愈合17例,占2%。伴骨折的180例患者中3例有开口受限,2例明显错颌。结论急救护理是颜面部损伤的前提,针对不同情况患者进行迅速分离,可保证患者得到尽早救治。充分尊重患者对容貌恢复的诉求,结合颜面部损伤评分判断预后,交代手术费用。相同年龄阶段、受伤原因往往具有相同的损伤情况,在护理过程中可合并为同一流程作为护理重点,从而提高护理效率。Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of 742 cases of facial trauma in emergency treatment,and to guide the nursing work.Methods The patients with facial trauma from January 2015 to December 2019 were selected from the electronic medical record system of our hospital.The clinical data of the patients who were transferred from the emergency department to the inpatient department were retrieved from the emergency outpatient department.Statistics of gender,age,injury cause,injury location,injury to hospital time,treatment,postoperative effect and other information.Results 451 were male and 291 were female of the 742 patients.The ratio of male to female was 1.55:1.87 cases were under 3 years old,accounting for 12%;132 cases were 3-6 years old,accounting for 18%;167 cases were 6-18 years old,accounting for 23%;238 cases were 18-50 years old,accounting for 32%;115 cases were 50 years old and above,accounting for 15%.742 patients had soft tissue injury,265 cases in forehead,36%;84 cases in cheek,11%;187 cases in lip,25%;124 cases in Chin,17%;49 cases in orbit,7%;33 cases in other areas,4%.There were 562 cases of simple soft tissue injury(76%),180 cases of combined bone tissue injury(24%).Of the 742 patients,213 were traffic injuries,accounting for 29%;165 were falling injuries,accounting for 22%;86 were sharp injuries,accounting for 12%;83 were scratching and biting injuries,accounting for 11%;67 were violent injuries,accounting for 9%;65 were falling injuries,accounting for 9%;63 were industrial accidents,accounting for 8%.289 cases(39%)were admitted within 2 hours,256 cases(35%)within 2-6 hours,164 cases(22%)within 6-12 hours and 33 cases(4%)after 12 hours.725 cases(98%)of 742 cases had primary healing of soft tissue injury wounds,and 17 cases(2%)had delayed healing.Among 180 patients with fracture,3 had limited opening and 2 had obvious malocclusion.Conclusion The first aid nursing is the premise of facial injury.The patients can be separated quickly according to different conditions to ensure that they c

关 键 词：颜面部损伤 急诊 临床特征 护理指导 

分 类 号：R473.6[医药卫生—护理学]