知母种苗质量分级标准研究  

Influence of Seedlings Grading on Plant Growth,Yield and Quality of Anemarrhena asphodeloides

作　　者：陈彩霞[1] 马春英[2] 李先恩[1] 付静 张志强 赵晨光 侯俊玲[4,5] 王文全[1,4,5] CHEN Cai-xia;MA Chun-ying;LI Xian-en;FU Jing;ZHANG Zhi-qiang;ZHAO Chen-guang;HOU Jun-ling;WANG Wen-quan(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China;College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Beijing Tcmages Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101301,China;School of Chinese Material Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 102488,China;Engineering Research Center of GAP for Chinese Crude Drugs,Ministry of Education,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [2]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071000 [3]北京康仁堂药业有限公司,北京101301 [4]北京中医药大学中药学院,北京102488 [5]中药材规范化生产教育部工程研究中心,北京102488

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2020年第3期398-404,共7页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家中药标准化项目(ZYBZH-Y-BJ-07)。

摘　　要：目的:研究制定符合生产实际的知母种苗质量分级标准,为知母药材规范化生产提供依据。方法:对知母主产区基地以及药材市场销售的种苗进行质量指标调查,通过相关分析、主成分分析,并结合生产实践确定知母种苗的质量分级指标,通过K-均值聚类分析将知母种苗分为3个等级,并以不同等级种苗为处理材料进行田间试验,连续2年观测植株生长、药材产量及质量指标。结果:确定种球直径和百株质量作为知母种苗的质量分级指标,将种苗分为3个质量等级,Ⅰ级种苗:种球直径≥1.2 cm,百株质量≤2.0 kg;Ⅱ级种苗:种球直径≥0.8 cm,百株质量≤1.5 kg;Ⅲ级种苗:种球直径≥0.5 cm,百株质量≤1.0 kg且≥0.5 kg。不同等级种苗对植株根系生长、药材产量有显著影响,均表现为:Ⅰ级>Ⅱ级>Ⅲ级。不同等级种苗种植后药材的有效成分含量差异不显著,但均高于《中华人民共和国药典》的标准。结论:本研究制定的知母种苗质量标准即具科学性,也更符合生产实际,可为知母药材的规范化栽培提供理论依据。Objective:Eexploring the seedling classification criteria of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.provides a basis for good agriculture practice(GAP)of anemarrhena.Methods:The morphological indexes of 1-year seedling of A.asphodeloides origin from main cultured location and medicine market have been measured,and the method of correlation analysis and the principal component were used to determine the grading index.K-average clustering analysis combining with the production practice of A.asphodeloides,was applied to classify these seedlings into three grades based on two phenotypic traits such as tubers diameter and the weight of 100 plantlets.In order to validate the rationality of the classification,a field experiment was performed among three grades of A.asphodeloides to measure the indicators of plant growth and development,yield and quality of each grade seedlings on the same planting and manage measure.Results:the primary quality indicators of the seedings grading were selected as tubers diameter and the weight of 100 plantlets.For classⅠseedlings,its tubers diameter was≥1.2 cm and the weight of 100 plantlets≤2.0kg;For classⅡseedlings,its tubers diameter was 0.8-1.2 cm and the weight of 100 plantlets was 1.0-1.5 kg;For classⅢseedlings,its tubers diameter was 0.5-0.8 cm and the weight of 100 plantlets was 0.5-1.0 kg.The seedlings grading had significantly effect on the plant growth and yield of A.asphodeloides,and had no obvious effect on the intrinsic quality of medicinal material,but the active ingredient contented in the different grade seedlings were all higher than the Chinese pharmacopoeia standard.Conclusion:The study can provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of A.asphodeloides on artificial scale and efficiency.

关 键 词：知母 种苗分级 药材产量 药材品质 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]