河北承德双塔山滦河国家湿地公园水鸟多样性及其季节分布规律  

Diversity and Seasonal Distribution of Waterbirds in Luanhe River National Wetland Park in Shuangtashan, Chengde, Hebei

作　　者：吴渊[1,2] 鲁照阳 史扬 孙徳君 步云鹏 张有强[1,2] 洪剑明[1,2] WU Yuan;LU Zhaoyang;SHI Yang;SUN Dejun;BU Yunpeng;ZHANG Youqiang;HONG Jianming(College of Life Science,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,P.R.China;Beijing Center of Wetland Studies,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,P.R.China;Shuangluan District Water Bureau,Chengde City,Hebei Province,Chengde 067000,Hebei,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100048 [2]首都师范大学北京湿地研究中心,北京100048 [3]河北省承德市双滦区水务局,河北承德067000

出　　处：《湿地科学》2020年第1期71-76,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家湿地保护奖励资金项目(2018)资助。

摘　　要：2017年11月至2018年11月,采用样线法和定点观察法,对河北承德双塔山滦河国家湿地公园中的水鸟进行了调查,共记录水鸟29种,隶属6目8科21属。其中,有国家二级保护鸟类3种,列入《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》近危物种2种,易危物种4种,河北省省级重点保护野生动物9种。在29种水鸟中,雁形目和鸻行目水鸟的物种数分别占该湿地公园水鸟总物种数的44.83%和27.59%;雁形目水鸟种群数量占该湿地公园水鸟个体总数的91.51%。2018年4月,水鸟物种数量最多,为14种,水鸟群落的多样性指数最高,为1.911 5;5月,水鸟群落的均匀度指数最高,为0.858 4;2018年10月,水鸟种群数量最多,为250只。从水鸟的居留型来看,以旅鸟为主,其数量占水鸟个体总数的82.76%,夏候鸟的数量占10.34%,留鸟的数量占6.9%。调查期间,水鸟主要分布在湿地公园内的一道坝与三道坝之间的开阔水域中。From November 2017 to November 2018, the waterbirds in Luanhe River National Wetland Park,Shuangtashan, Chengde were investigated using the route survey method and the fixd-point observation method. A total of 29 species of waterbirds were recorded in the core areas of the wetland park, belonging to 6 orders and 8 families. Among them, 3 species was listed as the second-grade national protective birds in China. Four and two species were listed respectively as near threatened and vulnerable species by the IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List of Endangered Species. Nine species were included in the key protective animals in Hebei province. The species belonging to Anseriformes and Charadriiformes accounted for 44.83% and 27.59% of the total species, respectively. The population of wild Anseriformes accounts for 91.51% of the total number of waterbirds in the wetland park. In April 2018, the number of waterbirds species was the largest, with 14 species, and the diversity index of waterbirds communities was the highest, at 1.911 5;in May, the evenness index of waterbirds communities was the highest, at 0.858 4;in October 2018, the waterbirds population was the largest, reaching 250 individuals. Travelling birds dominated those species in terms of residence type, accounting for 82.76% of the total number of the waterbirds, and summer migrant birds 10.34%, resident birds 6.9%. Waterbirds were mainly found in the open water between the One Dam and the Three Dam in the wetland park.

关 键 词：水鸟 多样性 双塔山滦河国家湿地公园 承德 

分 类 号：Q958.2[生物学—动物学]