基于高分卫星影像的断层构造识别及三维地质建模应用  

Identification of fault structures in GF-1 remote sensing image and its application in 3D geological modeling

作　　者：李盼盼 陈国旭[1,2] 刘盛东[2] 李忠城[3] 薛志亮[3] 卢牧原 LI Panpan;CHEN Guoxu;LIU Shengdong;LI Zhongcheng;XUE Zhiliang;LU Muyuan(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China;Jincheng Branch, China United Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd., Jincheng 048000, China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230009 [2]中国矿业大学深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,江苏徐州221008 [3]中联煤层气有限责任公司晋城分公司,山西晋城048000

出　　处：《合肥工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第5期680-687,共8页Journal of Hefei University of Technology：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41972304,41402289);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20130111120003)。

摘　　要：文章针对高分一号(GF-1)卫星遥感影像地质构造特征识别问题,提出了一种借助遥感影像精细空间特征快速识别地表断层构造,运用三维地表模型、三维地质模型辅助断层三维空间精确定位的新方案。以山西沁水盆地柿庄南部地区为试验区,通过综合运用差值与比值运算、混合彩色比值合成等图像增强算法突出断层构造的形状、大小、纹理等精细空间特征,结合解译标志快速提取地表断层;依据地质勘查成果、三维地表模型对识别结果进行验证对比、优化综合及空间变换,并结合地下断层构造分布,实现地表、地下一体的三维断层对比连接及地学模型集成。实验结果表明,GF-1卫星影像在断层构造特征识别方面应用潜力较好,提出的断层构造遥感快速解译及三维空间精确定位新方案可为三维断层模型精细化、快速化构建提供参考。According to the problems of identifying geological structures by using GF-1 remote sensing images,a new scheme is proposed,which uses the high-resolution spatial features of GF-1 remote sensing images to identify faults of surface and uses the 3D surface model and the 3D geological model to get the accurate position of those faults in 3D space.Taking Shizhuang southern coal seam gas field of Qinshui Basin,Shanxi Province as an experimental area,some image enhancement algorithms,such as difference and ratio method,mixed colour ratio synthesis,etc.,are used to highlight the shape,size and texture of surface objects to get the high-resolution spatial features of surface faults.And those spatial features are used to identify surface faults by combing interpretation signs of fault structures.Then,based on geological exploration achievements and the 3D surface model,the comparison,optimization,synthesis and coordinate transformation of the recognition results are made.Finally,combined with the spatial distribution of underground faults,the 3D fault models are realized.The experimental results show that the GF-1 satellite image has a good potential in the application of identifying fault structures.The proposed new scheme of fault structures fast interpretation and 3D precise positioning can provide a useful reference for improving the accuracy and speed in 3D fault modeling.

关 键 词：高分卫星影像 遥感图像增强 断层构造识别 三维地表模型 三维断层模型 

分 类 号：P627[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]