农业生物多样性控制作物病虫害的方法与原理  

Principles of using agricultural biodiversity to control pests and crop diseases

作　　者：初炳瑶 陈法军[2] 马占鸿[1] CHU Bing-Yao;CHEN Fa-Jun;MA Zhan-Hong(Department of Plant Pathology,MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management,College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物病理学系,农业部作物有害生物监测与绿色防控重点实验室,北京100193 [2]南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京210095

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2020年第1期28-40,共13页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200400,2017YFD0201700);中央高校基本科研业务费专项-中国农业大学对口支援科研合作基金项目(2019TC168)。

摘　　要：农业生物多样性作为一种重要的作物病虫害防治手段,主要基于自然界生物间相生相克的平衡关系,充分利用了原生态的各种控制因子,将病虫害调控在生产可允许范围,对减肥减药以及提高农业生态系统自我功能具有重要的意义。本文将农业病虫害发生融为一体,从种内遗传多样性、物种多样性、农田景观多样性3个层次,系统阐述了利用农业生物多样性控制作物病虫害的重要意义、主要内容和方法、控害原理、影响因素以及作物品种多样性种植的增产效应,为充分发挥农业生物多样性调控作物病虫害提供参考。Agrobiodiversity is an important aspect of controlling the diseases and pests of agricultural crops.Agrobiodiversity is based on the ecological relationships between organisms and makes full use of various control factors in the original ecosystem.It can,therefore,significantly reduce fertilizer and pesticide use and enhance agricultural ecosystems.This paper integrates the control of agricultural diseases and pests and examines agrobiodiversity at three levels;genetic diversity,species diversity and landscape diversity.The methods,mechanisms and important factors for using agrobiodiversity to control crop diseases and pests,and the effect of plant diversity on crop yields,are systematically reviewed and described.

关 键 词：农业生物多样性 原理与机制 病虫害管理 产量 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]