区域性景观组成对玉米苗期捕食性天敌的生态学效应  

Ecological effects of farmland landscape composition on predator populations during the maize seedling stage

作　　者：张晴晴 李超 李丽莉[1] 欧阳芳[2] 宋莹莹 卢增斌[1] 董松[1] 于毅[1] 门兴元[1] ZHANG Qing-Qing;LI Chao;LI Li-Li;OUYANG Fang;SONG Ying-Ying;LU Zeng-Bin;DONG Song;YU Yi;MEN Xing-Yuan(Institute of Plant Protection,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science,Ji'nan 250100,China;State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,济南250100 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,生物互作卓越创新中心,北京100049

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2020年第1期80-87,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200400);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2019G01);国家自然科学基金项目(31800349);山东省重点研发计划项目(2018GNC111019)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确区域性景观组成对玉米苗期捕食性天敌的生态学效应,可为开展玉米田有害生物生态调控提供理论基础。【方法】以山东省92块玉米田为研究区域,基于玉米苗期捕食性天敌种群数量、试验点的遥感影像和土地覆盖类型分类数据,运用混合效应模型分析了耕地、居住工业交通、草地、林地、水体5种土地覆盖类型的面积比例对玉米苗期捕食性天敌种群数量的影响。【结果】共调查到3744头捕食性天敌,其中草间小黑蛛Erigonidium graminicolum(55.29%),龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica(25.32%),小花蝽Orius similis(6.73%),八斑球腹蛛Theridion octomaculatum(4.01%),异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(3.58%)和三突花蛛Misumenops tricuspidatus(3.47%)为主要捕食性天敌。发现林地和水体生境对龟纹瓢虫的种群数量有显著的正效应,草地和水体生境对三突花蛛的种群数量有显著的正效应,水体和林地生境对捕食性天敌的总数量有显著正效应。【结论】华北农田景观中非作物生境作为捕食性天敌的资源库,在玉米苗期捕食性天敌维持中起重要作用。[Objectives]Understanding the ecological effects of regional landscape composition on the natural predators of maize pests during the maize seedling stage could provide a theoretical basis for the ecological control of pests in maize field.[Methods]Research was conducted at 92 sample points in corn fields in Shandong province.Based on population dynamics,remote sensing imaging and land cover classification data,we used a mixed effects model to analyze the effects of cropland,residential industrial traffic,grassland,forest and water,on predator populations during the maize seedling.[Results]A total number of 3744 predatory species were identified,of which the most abundant were Erigonidium graminicolum(55.29%),Propylaea japonica(25.32%),Orius similis(6.73%),Theridion octomaculatum(4.01%),Harmonia axyridis(3.58%)and Misumenops tricuspidatus(3.47%).Forest and water habitat had a significant positive effect on the abundance of Propylaea japonica,and grassland and water habitat had a significant positive effect on the abundance of Misumenops tricuspidatus.Water and forest habitat had a significant positive effect on the overall number of predatory species.[Conclusion]Non-crop habitat plays a crucial role in maintaining populations of the natural predators of maize pests during the maize seedling stage in the north China farmland landscape.

关 键 词：景观组成 玉米苗期 捕食性天敌 种群数量 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S435.132[农业科学—植物保护]