片段化森林群落构建的生态过程及其检验方法  

Community assembly processes in fragmented forests and its testing methods

作　　者：刘金亮 于明坚[2] LIU Jin-Liang;YU Ming-Jian(College of Life and Environmental Science,Wenzhou Universitw Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325035,China;College of Life Sciences,Zhejiang Universitw Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]温州大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江温州325035 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2019年第11期929-945,共17页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870401、31901104和31570524);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LD19C030001);国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0112800)。

摘　　要：鉴于全球森林均呈现片段化(破碎化)的分布状态,理解片段化森林群落构建的过程很有必要。该文通过综述群落构建的主要生态过程如生态漂变、扩散、选择和物种形成等在片段化森林群落构建中的相对作用,发现因片段化森林形成方式的不同,重构群落(片段化生境中通过次生演替重新形成的森林群落)和解构群落(原有森林被片段化后形成的森林群落)在不同演替阶段所受到的主要生态过程的相对作用有所不同。虽然利用基于群落内物种分布格局推测构建过程(如物种多度分布、零模型结合β多样性的方法、功能特征的收敛和发散等)、人工控制实验、群落结构动态分析等方法对片段化森林中群落构建的过程进行了有效的检验,但是针对片段化森林群落构建过程的实验性研究仍然不足。未来有待在理论模型、群落构建过程的检验以及理论与物种保护相结合等方面继续开展深入的研究。Nowadays, almost all forests in the world are fragmented, and thus, it is necessary to understand how forest fragmentation influence assembly of forest communities. This review summarized the main community assembly processes in the field of community ecology, namely ecological drift, dispersal, selection and speciation, and summarized the relative roles of these community assembly processes in fragmented forests. Due to differences in formation trajectory of different forests in fragmented region, the relative effects of the above four ecological processes are different for different types of forest communities: reassembled community(i.e., forest communities re-assembled through secondary succession in fragmented habitats) and disassembled community(i.e., continuous forest disassembled into fragmented forests). The effects of ecological processes can be effectively tested by analyzing short-term observed species distribution pattern within and among communities(e.g., species abundance distribution analyses, null model combined with beta diversity analyses, and convergence and divergence of functional trait distribution, etc.), controlled experiments, and long-term community monitoring(e.g., community dynamics analysis). Yet, it is insufficient to assess ecological processes undergoing habitat fragmentation by controlled experiments. In the future, studies should focus on developing and testing theoretical models, designing controlled experiments to investigate varied ecological processes undergoing habitat fragmentation, and combining ecological theory with practical biodiversity conservation.

关 键 词：群落构建 生境片段化 扩散限制 中性理论 生态位理论 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]