农药犯罪的主体罪名选择与适用研究  

On the Subject of Crime Accusation Choice and Application under Governance of Pesticide Crime

作　　者：何小勇[1] HE Xiao-Yong(Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012, China)

机构地区：[1]江苏警官学院法律系,江苏南京210012

出　　处：《时代法学》2020年第2期28-40,共13页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：“十三五”江苏省重点建设学科建设工程资助项目成果。

摘　　要：农药犯罪治理的主体罪名选择和与之相应的犯罪构成要件确定,与不同阶段农药市场的管理体制直接相关。在农药生产、经营实行行政许可市场准入管理模式下,非法经营罪成为规制农药犯罪的主体罪名,但在个案裁判中,应对非法经营行为的社会危害性、刑事违法性和刑事处罚必要性作综合考量,以防罪行擅断。农产品质量安全、人畜安全和生态环境保护成为农药管理立法目标下,生产销售伪劣农药罪应作为规制农药犯罪的另一主体罪名。对伪劣农药的界定应以《农药管理条例》的规定为依据。在生产销售伪劣产品罪与生产销售伪劣农药罪发生适用竞合时,刑法应明确以生产销售伪劣农药罪予以定罪处罚。应将生产销售伪劣农药罪由实害犯改造为行为犯,以“货值金额”为该罪的构成要件,“使生产遭受较大损失”只作为量刑情节。The subject of crime accusation choice and the corresponding crime constitutive requirements of governance of pesticide crime is directly related to the management system of the pesticide market development in different stages.The crime of illegal business operation become the main accusation to regulating pesticide crime under the management mode of administrative licensing and market access of pesticide's production and management,but in adjudication of a specific case,we should comprehensive considerate the social harmfulness,criminal illegality and criminal penalty of unlicensed business activities in order to prevent improper presumption.With the quality and safety of agricultural products,the safety of human and animal and ecological environmental protection become the target of pesticide regulate legislation,the crime of manufacturing or selling counterfeit or inferior pesticide should become as another accusation to govern pesticide crime.The definition standard of counterfeit or inferior pesticide should according to Regulations on the administration of pesticides.When the application of manufacturing or selling counterfeit or inferior products crime and manufacturing or selling counterfeit or inferior pesticide crime competing phenomena occurs,Criminal law should definitude conviction and punishment as the crime of manufacturing or selling counterfeit or inferior pesticide.We should change manufacturing or selling counterfeit or inferior pesticide crime from actual damage offence to behavioral offence,“the value of goods”as elements of constitution of crime and the“causes the production to suffer the big loss”only as sentencing circumstances.

关 键 词：假农药 劣质农药 无照经营 非法经营罪 生产销售伪劣产品罪 生产销售伪劣农药罪 

分 类 号：DF626[政治法律—刑法学]