甘肃河西绿洲灌区不同作物间作氮磷利用特征  

Nitrogen and phosphorus utilization characteristics of different crops intercropping in Hexi oasis irrigation region

作　　者：陈桂平[1] 丁小琴 樊志龙[1] CHEN Gui-ping;DING Xiao-qin;FAN Zhi-long(Faculty of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2020年第2期53-58,共6页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360323)资助。

摘　　要：针对河西绿洲灌区间作施肥量不合理,氮、磷利用效率低的问题,试验以小麦间作玉米、小麦间作大豆、玉米间作豌豆为研究对象,探究了不同作物间作对氮、磷养分的吸收累积及利用效率。结果表明:小麦间作玉米、小麦间作大豆和玉米间作豌豆的土地当量比为1.24~1.58,均表现出间作优势,间作各组成作物籽粒产量较单作均有提高。小麦间作大豆和玉米间作豌豆分别较单作氮素累积量高17.9%和8.4%,其中,玉米间作豌豆氮素累积量分别较小麦间作玉米和小麦间作大豆高22.8%和10.4%;小麦间作玉米、小麦间作大豆和玉米间作豌豆氮素利用效率均低于单作。除小麦间作玉米之外,小麦间作大豆和玉米间作豌豆与单作比较,磷素累积量分别提高17.1%和20.3%;但是小麦间作玉米和小麦间作大豆磷素利用效率分别较单作低24.3%和40.5%。玉米间作豌豆较小麦间作玉米、小麦间作大豆具有较高的土地当量比、籽粒产量、氮素累积量、氮素利用效率、磷素累积量和磷素利用效率,可作为绿洲灌区氮、磷养分高效利用种植模式的参考。Accordance with problems in intercropping of unreasonable fertilizer application and low use efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in Hexi oasis irrigation region,the experiment took wheat/maize intercropping,wheat/soybean intercropping and maize/pea intercropping as the research objects to explore the accumulation and utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in different crops intercropping.Results indicated that the land equivalent ratio of wheat/maize intercropping,wheat/soybean intercropping and maize/pea intercropping was in the range of 1.24~1.58,all of which showed intercropped yield advantages than corresponding sole cropping.Under the same land area,the grain yield of each component crop in intercropping was higher than that in the corresponding sole cropping.The N accumulation of wheat/soybean intercropping and maize/pea intercropping were 17.9%and 8.4%respectively greater than that of the sole cropping,the N accumulation of maize/pea intercropping was respectively 22.8%and 10.4%greater compared with that of wheat/maize intercropping and wheat/soybean intercropping.However,nitrogen use efficiency of wheat/maize intercropping,wheat/soybean intercropping,and maize/pea intercropping was lower than that of corresponding sole cropping.Excepted to wheat/maize intercropping,the phosphorus accumulation of wheat/soybean intercropping and maize/pea intercropping was increased by 17.1%and 20.3%respectively compared with their corresponding sole cropping.But the phosphorus use efficiency of wheat/maize and wheat/soybean intercropping was 24.3%and 40.5%respectively lower than that of corresponding sole cropping.The maize/pea intercropping had greater land equivalent ratio,grain yield,N accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency,P accumulation and phosphorus use efficiency than wheat/maize intercropping and wheat/soybean intercropping,which could be used as a reference for the cropping pattern on efficient use of N and P nutrients in oasis irrigation region.

关 键 词：间作 产量 绿洲灌区 氮素利用效率 磷素利用效率 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]