偃麦草属3种植物种子形态解剖结构研究  

Studies on seed morphological and anatomical structures of three Elytrigia species

作　　者：孟庆沂 毛培春[2] 田小霞[2] 白龙[1] 孟林[2] MENG Qing-yi;MAO Pei-chun;TIAN Xiao-xia;BAI Long;MENG Lin(College of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University,Liaoning Shenyang 110866,China;Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing Grassland and Environmental Research and Development Center,Beijing 100097 China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]北京市农林科学院北京草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100097

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2020年第2期67-72,共6页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20170110,KJCX20140103);北京市自然科学基金项目(6182013)资助。

摘　　要：采用体视显微镜和常规石蜡切片的方法,对偃麦草属3种植物(偃麦草、中间偃麦草和长穗偃麦草)的种子形态特征和解剖结构进行测定分析。结果表明:偃麦草属3种植物的种子形态均呈舟形,顶端均具毛;颜色略有不同,主要以黄色、土黄色及深褐色为主;种子长,宽和厚度差异显著(P<0.05),种子长的顺序为:长穗偃麦草>中间偃麦草>偃麦草,种子宽和厚度均为中间偃麦草>长穗偃麦草>偃麦草;长穗偃麦草种子千粒质量较大,平均为0.564 g,而偃麦草种子千粒质量仅为0.269 g。偃麦草属3种植物的种子胚位于种子基部,呈侧生型,胚乳占绝大部分比例;中间偃麦草种子的种皮厚度最大,长穗偃麦草种子的最小;偃麦草种子的种胚长度、胚根长、胚芽长和盾片均小于长穗偃麦草。通过对偃麦草属3种植物种子长度、宽度、厚度、千粒质量和种皮厚度等的比较分析,可为其分类保存和遗传特性的系统研究提供科学依据。The seed morphological characteristics and anatomical structure of three species of Elytrigia(including E.repens,E.elongata and E.intermedia)were measured and analyzed by stereomicroscope and conventional paraffin sectioning.The results showed that the seed morphology of three Elytrigia species was a boat-shaped shape with hairs at the top;the color was slightly different,mainly yellow,yellowish and dark brown;the differences in seed length,width and thickness were significant(P<0.05).The seed length of three Elytrigia species showed the law of E.elongate>E.intermedia>E.repens,the seed width and thickness showed the law of E.intermedia>E.elongate>E.repens.The average weight of a thousand seeds of E.elongata was 0.564 g,while the average weight of a thousand seeds of E.repens was only 0.269 g.The seed embryos of three Elytrigia species were located at the base of seeds,and were lateral and with the majority of endosperm.Among them,the seeds coat thickness of E.intermedia was the largest,and the seed length of E.elongata was the smallest;the embryo length,radicle length,germ length and scutellum size of E.repens were smaller than those of E.elongata.Therefore,the results of the present study could lay a scientific foundation for the systematic classification and preservation,and genetic characteristics analysis of three Elytrigia species.

关 键 词：偃麦草属 种子 形态解剖结构 石蜡切片 

分 类 号：S512.9[农业科学—作物学]