《经修正的京都公约》的修正机制及公约未来走向分析——《经修正的京都公约》全面审议中的条约法问题研究之一  

An analysis of the Amendment Mechanism of the Revised Kyoto Convention and the Trend of the Convention in the Future——The First Part of the analysis on the Comprehensive Review of the RKC from the Perspective of Law of Treaties

作　　者：朱秋沅 Zhu Qiuyuan

机构地区：[1]上海海关学院海关法律系 [2]上海市法学会海关法研究会

出　　处：《海关与经贸研究》2020年第1期62-83,共22页Journal of Customs and Trade

基　　金：2018年研究阐释党的十九大精神国家社科基金专项课题“建设中国自由贸易港的法律保障与政策推进研究”(18VSJ076)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前WCO对《经修正的京都公约》全面审议工作是国际海关制度领域二十年一遇之事,我国有必要充分认识公约及其全面审议的重要性,以谋长远。《经修正的京都公约》实际上是一个公约群,其中主约是整个公约存在与运行的基础,也决定了公约修改的难易程度。正确认识公约主约及《修正京都公约的议定书》的重要性,正确认识公约管委会职能范围及其与WCO的关系,是我国把握公约全面审议的合法性及其进程的关键。《经修订的京都公约》主约规定了公约修正采用“分类提案、分类修正、分类表决、分类接受”的机制。对比1973年《京都公约》和1999年《经修正的京都公约》的发展更替过程,可发现《经修正的京都公约》是新条约,而非原1973年《京都公约》的延续。因此,当前在现行公约框架下,虽然全面审议工作完全实现目标的可能性不大,公约修正案难以完全生效。但谈判各方可以在现行公约框架下修正公约,以另一新公约替代1999年《经修正的京都公约》,或者将工作报告文本的内容转化为WCO软法性工具或文件。但无论如何,全面审议工作的成果,即使是局部成果,仍然将影响此后20年全球海关法律制度的发展路径与具体内容。At present,WCO’s comprehensive review of the Revised Kyoto Convention(RKC)is an essential activity in the field of the international customs procedure.It is necessary to fully understand the impact of the Convention and its comprehensive review for the long-term development of China’s Customs Law.In fact,the RKC is a group of customs treaties.Among other things,the body of the RKC is fundamental for the existence and operation of the overall RKC and for amendment mechanism of the RKC.A correct understanding of the body of the RKC,the functions and competence of the Management Committee of the RKC and its relationship with the WCO is the key for China to identify the legality of the current comprehensive review of the RKC.The body of the RKC divides the amendment mechanisms of the body,the General Annex,the Specific Annexes,their Guidelines,and the provisions of standards and recommended practice into the different processes and voting methods.According to the strict amendments mechanism of the RKC,it is difficult for the comprehensive review to achieve complete success.History is a guide to the future.A comparison between the development and replacement process of the Kyoto Convention in 1973 and the RKC in 1999 shows that the RKC is a new treaty,rather than a continuation of the original Kyoto Convention in 1973.Therefore,even under the current framework of the RKC,it is not possible for the comprehensive review to fully achieve its objectives,or for the amendment of the Convention to fully enter into its force,the potential contracting parties can still abandon the strict amendment mechanism of the current RKC,and replace the RKC with a new convention,or transfer the text of the report of the Working Group of the RKC(WGRKC)into the WCO instruments which can be regarded as soft laws.In any case,the outcome of the comprehensive review,if any,will still influence the development and specific content of the global customs legal system in the next 20 years.

关 键 词：1973年《京都公约》 1999年《经修正的京都公约》 国际条约法 条约修正 全面审议 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]