海上挑战与地区秩序:20世纪美国处理加勒比海地区海洋争端的策略研究  

Maritime Challenges and Regional Order:The US Approaches towards Maritime Disputes in the Caribbean Sea Region in the 20th Century

作　　者：李聆群 LI Lingqun(Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学中国南海研究协同创新中心,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2020年第5期29-39,共11页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“南海沿岸国家海洋合作制度建设研究”(15CGJ029)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：海洋争端牵涉地区安全,是许多国家面临的主要挑战之一。通过研究美国20世纪在加勒比海地区所涉的海洋争端及其处理策略,发现这些争端涉及的争议国,既有地区内的哥伦比亚、古巴、洪都拉斯等,又有地区外的英国。在这些争端问题上,美国的处理呈现出注重战略定位、手段灵活等特点:一方面,其对争端涉及的岛礁利益的理解植根于海权战略思想,在处理时注重地区海洋布局和安全秩序的构建,综合平衡长短期利益;另一方面,强调海洋软实力建设,利用争端的处理影响海洋规则,追求海洋话语权。这些策略和考量有一定的启发意义。Maritime disputes have regional security implications.They represent a major form of challenges that many countries confront.The paper focuses on US involvement in a series of maritime disputes in the Caribbean Sea in the 20th century and explores approaches it adopted.Countries involved include Columbia,Cuba,Honduras,and the UK,among others.In the process of handling those maritime disputes,the US policy features a combination of clear strategic orientation and flexible approaches.On the one hand,the US deems that interests of the disputed islands should be compatible with its sea power strategy,therefore,it concentrates on calculated construction of regional maritime order and strives for a careful balance of both long-term and short-term interests.On the other hand,the US emphasizes on the development of maritime soft power,leveraging law of the sea rules in disputes settlement and shaping maritime discourse.The US approaches offer some lessons for the management of maritime disputes.

关 键 词：海洋争端 美国外交 加勒比海 南海争端 海洋战略 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]