减轻传染病暴发影响的医院设计基本原则  

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HOSPITAL DESIGN TO MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAKS

作　　者：詹姆斯·列侬 James Lennon(HKS)

机构地区：[1]HKS急诊中心

出　　处：《建筑实践》2020年第4期84-85,共2页Architectural Practice

摘　　要：从根本上说,我们处于一个传染病大流行的世界,这种情况自人类诞生以来就一直存在,传染病是人类发展史中的一部分。但由于人口密集以及与动物和其他病媒的密切接触,情况变得尤为复杂,我们也从每次疫情爆发中学到许多经验和教训。在这种背景下,许多减轻传染病暴发影响的医院设计方法应是通用的,而不应侧重于某种疾病类型或传播方式。虽然传染病有许多传播方式,如空气、水、注射针头、直接接触、昆虫媒介等,但有两种基本传播方式与医院设计特别相关:空气传播和接触传播。并不是说医院不需要完善的净水系统或是安全放置针头的地方,但是这些不一定是最主要的设计考虑因素。Fundamentally we are in a world of emerging and evolving infectious diseases that have the potential to reach epidemic and pandemic levels.This has been the case since essentially the beginning of man but has been especially compounded by concentrations of populations and close proximity to animals and other disease vectors.Given that backdrop the approach to hospital design to mitigate the effect of infectious disease outbreaks should be generic in nature and not focused on one disease type or one mode of transmission.While there are many modes of transmission air,water,needles,direct contact,insect vectors,etc there are two basic modes of transmission that are specifically relevant to hospital design—airborne and contact transmission.That is not to say that hospitals do not need a clean water system,a place to safely dispose needles etc,but those are not necessarily fundamental design considerations.

关 键 词：接触传播 人类发展史 空气传播 注射针头 设计基本原则 昆虫媒介 传染病暴发 疾病类型 

分 类 号：R18[医药卫生—流行病学]