超高温好氧堆肥技术对隔离区餐厨垃圾处理的应用可行性分析  

Feasibility analysis of ultra-high temperature aerobic composting technology to treat kitchen wastes in isolation areas

作　　者：王新杰 郁昂 黄韦辰[1] 余康宸 辜圣烨 WANG Xinjie;YU Ang;HUANG Weichen;YU Kangchen;GU Shengye(College of the Environment and Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学环境与生态学院,福建厦门361102 [2]近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室(厦门大学),福建厦门361102

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第3期354-359,共6页Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science

基　　金：厦门大学新型冠状病毒防治应急科研攻关项目(20720200026)。

摘　　要：2020年初暴发新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染导致的肺炎(COVID-19)疫情,在预防和治理的前提下,疫情产生的多种危险废物处理同样重要.根据该病毒在超过56℃下只能生存不到30min的特点,对于含有或可能含有该病毒和其他病菌的有机质垃圾(如感染者粪便、隔离区餐厨垃圾、处理医疗污水产生的污泥等),探究采用超高温好氧堆肥技术进行减量、无害化处理方法的可行性.以常规餐厨垃圾(不含病毒)进行模拟,测得原始质量为201t的堆肥混合物经过38d堆肥处理后仅剩下126t,且含水率由43%降至26%,餐厨垃圾质量减少高达92.6%;同时,其E4/E6值由初始的1.462上升至5.400,腐熟程度较好,堆肥结束后可作为良好的肥料;38d的堆肥过程中有32d温度达到80℃以上,有21d温度达到90℃以上,且在第1天后温度就一直高于56℃,表明在第1天的好氧发酵后堆肥处理过程安全可靠.综上可见,超高温好氧堆肥技术有望用于隔离区餐厨垃圾的无害化处理.Pneumonia(COVID-19)caused by a novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)infection outbreaks in the beginning of 2020.Under the precondition of disease prevention and control,the treatment of various hazardous wastes produced by the epidemic is equally important.Considering that the virus could only survive for less than 30 min at a temperature over 56℃,for organic wastes containing or possibly containing the virus and other pathogens(such as feces of infected persons,kitchen wastes in isolation areas,sludges generated from treatment of medical sewages,etc.),the feasibility of adopting an ultra-high temperature(UHT)aerobic composting technology for reduction and harmless treatment of the organic wastes was explored.The results showed that only 126 t compost mixture were left after 38 dcomposting,and the moisture content decreased from 43%to 26%.Considering that the experimental kitchen waste accounted for 32%of the non-bacterial raw materials,the quality of the reduced part was calculated according to this proportion,that is,the quality of the kitchen waste was reduced by as high as 92.6%;at the same time,the E4/E6 value increased from the initial 1.462 to 5.400.The maturity of the organic materials was good,and could be used as a good fertilizer after the composting.During 38 dcomposting,the temperature kept above 80℃for 32 d,90℃for 21 d,and was higher than 56℃all the time except the first day,indicating that the composting process after the first day of aerobic fermentation was safe and reliable.In conclusion,the UHT aerobic composting technology is expected to be useful for harmless treatment of kitchen wastes in isolation areas.

关 键 词：好氧堆肥 超高温 餐厨垃圾 

分 类 号：X799.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]