常用的应力测试方法及其在船舶系统零部件中的应用  

Common Stress Test Methods and Their Application in Ship System Components

作　　者：杨晓[1] 侯世忠[1] 陈沛[1] 潘恒沛 YANG Xiao;HOU Shizhong;CHEN Pei;PAN Hengpei(Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute,Luoyang 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所,洛阳471023

出　　处：《理化检验（物理分册）》2020年第4期18-22,共5页Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis(Part A:Physical Testing)

摘　　要：介绍了几种常用的应力测试方法,对其测试原理、应用范围和优缺点进行了比较。机械法、磁性法、超声波法、压痕法、X射线衍射法及数字图像相关法在有效性、准确性和操作简便性等方面都有自己的优缺点。其中数字图像相关法具有非接触、无损、应用范围广、设备便携等特点,已成为船舶系统零部件应力测试与评价的最优选择。但是对数字图像相关法在高温、高湿腐蚀环境下的测试误差大,大曲率零部件测试面积有限等问题,还需要进行深入研究与试验验证。This paper introduced several commonly used stress test methods,and compared their test principle,application scope,advantages and disadvantages.Mechanical method,magnetic method,ultrasonic method,indentation method,X-ray diffraction method,digital image correlation method have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of effectiveness,accuracy and operation simplicity.Among them,digital image correlation method has the characteristics of non-contact,non-destructive,wide range of application,portable equipment and so on.It has become the best choice for stress test and evaluation of ship system components.However,the digital image correlation method test error was large under high temperature and high humidity corrosion environment,large curvature components test area was limited,and other issues need to be further study and certify.

关 键 词：船舶系统 应力测试 磁性法 压痕法 X射线衍射法 数字图像相关法 

分 类 号：TG115[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]