基于有限元分析的高速精密数控机床床鞍机构设计  

The design of saddle mechanism for high speed precision NC machine tool based on FEM

作　　者：朱军 Zhu Jun(Ningxia Business and Technology Career Technical College,Ningxia Yinchuan,750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏工商职业技术学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《机械设计与制造工程》2020年第4期46-50,共5页Machine Design and Manufacturing Engineering

摘　　要：为解决目前高速精密数控机床整体性能差的问题,设计了基于有限元分析的高速精密数控机床的床鞍机构。首先利用有限元软件在Pro/E软件中为某食品加工厂数控机床建立床鞍三维模型,在HyperMesh中拓扑优化床鞍,获取拓扑机构形态,划分网格,对床鞍增加制约与载荷,为设计床鞍机构奠定基础。然后采用变密度法拓扑优化床鞍机构模型,并根据优化结果,去除对床鞍静动态特征无过多作用的单元,设计床鞍新结构,提高床鞍抗扭及抗弯性能。设计结果显示:所提方法设计的床鞍机构一阶特定频率在四类单元中均可达标,获取的床鞍优化结构最佳单元类型为工型单元;新设计床鞍机构质量减小近14%,最大变形量降低9%,大幅度提高了床鞍的静刚度,且频率更优,稳定性与抗干扰能力更强。Aiming at the poor overall performance of the high-speed precision numerical control machine,it designs the saddle mechanism of the high-speed precision NC machine tool based on the finite element analysis,builds the three-dimensional model of the saddle for a certain food processing plant in the Pro/E software,optimizes the bed saddle in the HyperMesh,and obtains the form of the topological structure.It divides the grid,adds the restraint and the load to the saddle of the bed,sets the foundation for the design of the saddle mechanism.It uses the variable density method to optimize the model of the saddle mechanism.The result of the optimization shows that:the static and dynamic characteristics of the bed saddle are removed,the new structure of the saddle is designed,and the anti-torsion and bending resistance of the bed saddle are improved.the first order specific frequency of the saddle mechanism can reach the standard in the four types of units,and the optimal unit type of the bed saddle structure is an engineering type unit,the new bed saddle mechanism is reduced by nearly 14%in weight,and the maximum deformation amount is reduced by 9%,the static rigidity of the saddle is greatly improved,the frequency is better,and the stability and the anti-interference ability are stronger.

关 键 词：有限元分析 数控机床 床鞍 机构设计 拓扑优化 

分 类 号：TP23[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]