动座式节流阀阀口特性仿真与试验研究  

Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Characteristics of a Throttle with a Movable Seat

作　　者：杨友胜[1,2] 张强 李会祥 YANG Yousheng;ZHANG Qiang;LI Huixiang(College of Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao Shandong 266100,China;Underwater Robot Technology Key Laboratory,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150001,China;School of Mechanical and Information Engineering,Shandong University,Weihai Shandong 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]哈尔滨工程大学水下机器人技术重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]山东大学机电与信息工程学院,山东威海264200

出　　处：《机床与液压》2020年第10期137-142,共6页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51475197,51275495,51708528);水下机器人技术重点实验室研究基金(SXJQR2017KFJJ04);山东省重点研发计划项目(2017GGX30106);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2018MEE023);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201562009);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(201910423117)。

摘　　要：结合水的理化性质,建立动座式节流阀阀口计算流体力学模型,对其水力特性包括流场、压力场、气蚀、流量压差特性、液动力特性等进行研究。在此基础上,研制一种新型的动座式水液压节流阀,该阀阀座台阶面上压力相等,使阀座所受轴向静压力得以平衡,采用伞状阀座有效补偿由于水冲击振动所引起的液动力;在流体经阀座进入阀芯的喷入口处,设计阀芯中杆结构,使喷出流体的液动力通过阀芯中杆传导在阀芯上,降低了液动力对阀座的冲击和侵蚀。采用Fluent软件建立相应的仿真模型,并就输入压力、阀芯锥角和阀口尺寸对系统动态特征的影响进行仿真分析,在此基础上搭建水液压试验台对仿真结果进行试验验证。研究结果表明:动座式节流阀阀口处压力迅速降低,开度越小,压降越大;二级阀口处压力变化大而低,易发生气穴现象;引流孔、合适的阀芯锥角及二级阀口结构可有效降低主阀口的工作压差及液动力,减少阀口的气蚀,能有效地提高节流阀的工作性能和使用寿命。Combined with the physical and chemical properties of water,the computational fluid dynamics model of the two-stage throttle with a movable seat was established.Numerical study was carried out to investigate the flow characteristics including the flow field,the pressure field,cavitation,flow-pressure difference relationship and flow induced force.A novel two-stage throttle valve with a movable seat was developed,of which the axial force acting on the movable seat was balanced due to the equivalent pressure of the step areas.An umbrella-shaped poppet was used to reduce the force acting on the seat due to water shock effectively.At the inlet where the fluid entered the spool through the seat,the structure of the stem in the spool was designed to reduce the impact and erosion of the flow induced force acting on the seat by conducting the force of the ejected fluid through the stem to the spool.The corresponding simulation model was established by Fluent software,and the influence of input pressure,spool angle and valve opening on the dynamic characteristics of the system was simulated.Hydraulic test platform was built to verify the simulation results.The results show that:the pressure at the valve port of the movable seat throttle valve decreases rapidly,the smaller the valve opening,the larger the pressure drop;the pressure drop at the second-stage throttle is large and low,and cavitation is easily occurred;drainage holes,spool angle and two-stage throttle can effectively reduce operating differential pressure,flow force,cavitation of the valve and improve the performance and service life of the valve.

关 键 词：水液压 二级动座式阀口 流动特征 气穴 液动力 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]