论我国南极立法的适用范围  

On the Scope of Application of Chinese Antarctic Law

作　　者：陈力[1] Chen Li(Law School,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期204-215,共12页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：陈力主持的国家海洋局极地考察办公室委托项目“南极条约环境议定书的法律实施”(2019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为立法的逻辑起点及适用边界,我国首部南极立法的适用范围应涵盖适用的地理范围、保护的客体、管辖的对象以及规制的活动等四个方面。在适用的地理范围上,应在遵守《南极条约》第六条规定的前提下考虑南极条约体系的后续发展,将立法中的核心术语"南极"(Antarctica)一词限定为南纬六十度以南的"南极条约区域",并对《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》的适用范围作出例外规定,即南极大陆附属海域及构成南极海洋生态系统的整个辐合带;在管辖的对象上,应突破《南极条约》第八条属人管辖的局限,在《南极条约》第七条第五款、第十条以及《南极条约环境议定书》相关规定基础上,将该法适用于在我国境内组织的、或由我国公民组织的、或由我国船舶承担运输的"南极考察(队)"(Expedition);在保护的客体上,我国南极法应充分考量《议定书》所隐含的保护客体,除"南极环境及依附于它的和与其相关的生态系统"以外,还应扩展至"南极的内在价值";在规制的活动类型上,应区分条约类型,将其适用于在南极条约区域内的所有人类活动,包括政府考察活动与非政府商业活动。As the logical starting point and applicable boundary of legislation,the scope of application of the first Antarctic legislation in China should cover following four aspects:the geographic scope of application,the object of protection,the object of jurisdiction and regulated activities.In terms of applicable geographic scope,the subsequent development of the Antarctic Treaty System should be considered on the premise of complying with Article 6 of the Antarctic Treaty.The core term"Antarctica"in the legislation should be limited to the"Antarctic Treaty Area"where is south of 60°Southern Latitude and make exceptions for the scope of application of the Convention for The Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources,namely the Antarctic continental affiliated sea area and the whole convergence zone which constitutes the Antarctic marine ecosystem.Regarding the object of jurisdiction,the law should break through the limitations of Ratione personae of Article 8 of the Antarctic Treaty,and should be applied to Antarctic expeditions organized in China,organized by Chinese citizens,or transported by Chinese ships,on the basis of Article 7,Paragraph 5 and Article 10 of the Antarctic Treaty as well as relevant provisions of the Madrid Protocol.Regarding the object of protection,China’s Antarctic law should take full account of the objects of protection implied in the Madrid Protocol,which not only includes"Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems,"but also extends to"the intrinsic value of Antarctica."In terms of the types of regulated activities,China’s Antarctic law can make a non-exhausted list and applies it to all human activities in Antarctic Treaty Area,including government expeditions and non-governmental business activities.

关 键 词：南极条约体系 南极条约实施 南极立法 适用范围 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]