高铁隧道施工中灰尘重金属污染的生态效应分析与监理研究  

Ecological Effect Analysis and Supervision of Dust and Heavy Metal Pollution in High Speed Railway Tunnel Construction

作　　者：张营周 Zhang Yingzhou(Henan Great Wall Railway Construction Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450015,China)

机构地区：[1]河南长城铁路工程建设咨询有限公司,河南郑州450015

出　　处：《环境科学与管理》2020年第5期155-159,共5页Environmental Science and Management

摘　　要：在云南省昆明市高铁隧道施工区域隧道内采集灰尘样品,参考美国EPA 3052方法测定灰尘中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni、Cr重金属含量,采用富集系数评价重金属污染程度,通过潜在生态危害指数法分析重金属污染的生态危害,并利用三种暴露方式的重金属致癌和非致癌效应评价健康风险。结果表明:昆明市高铁隧道施工区域灰尘重金属显著富集,均超出云南省土壤重金属含量背景值,六种重金属富集系数均值由小到大排序为:Ni<Cr<Cu<Pb<Zn<Cd,Cd已达到强烈富集级别;重金属Cd潜在生态危害最大,Pb、Cu次之,Zn、Ni和Cr的生态危害均为轻微;灰尘中多种重金属多暴露途径对儿童存在显著非致癌健康风险,对成人的危害较小,致癌重金属暴露风险为低致癌风险量级水平。Dust samples were collected in the tunnel in the construction area of high-speed railway tunnel in Kunming of Yunnan province.Based on the epa3052 method from the USA,cu,zn,pb,cd,ni,and cr heavy metal content in dust were determined.The enrichment coefficient was used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution.The ecological hazard of heavy metal pollution was analyzed by potential ecological hazard index method,and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of heavy metals in three exposure modes were used to evaluate the health risk.The results showed that:heavy metals in the construction area of high-speed railway tunnel in Kunming were significantly enriched.All of them exceeded the background value of heavy metals content in soil of Yunnan Province.The mean value of enrichment coefficient of six heavy metals was from small to large:Ni<Cr<Cu<Pb<Zn<Cd,Cd had reached strong enrichment level.Heavy metal Cd had the greatest potential ecological hazard,Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni and Cr had slight ecological hazard;multiple heavy metal exposure pathways in dust had significant non-carcinogenic health risk for children,while adults had less risk of heavy metal exposure to low carcinogenic level.Heavy money for dust prevention and mitigation.

关 键 词：高铁隧道 灰尘 重金属污染 生态 健康 环保监理 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]