间套作大蒜对大棚连作西瓜生长及土壤生物学特性的影响  

Effects of Intercropping Garlic on Growth and Soil Biological Characteristics of Continuous Cropping of Watermelon in Greenhouse

作　　者：吴绍军[1] 孟佳丽[1] 沈虹 张黎杰[1] 周玲玲[1] 田福发[1] 余翔[1] WU Shao-jun;MENG Jia-li;SHEN Hong;ZHANG Li-jie;ZHOU Ling-ling;TIAN Fu-fa;YU Xiang(Suqian Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suqian 223800,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所,江苏宿迁223800

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2020年第5期13-20,共8页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：江苏省宿迁市农业科技自主创新资金(SQCX201905);江苏省宿迁市科技计划(L201806)。

摘　　要：以西瓜“迁丽2号”为试验材料,通过单作西瓜(CK)、西瓜间套作大蒜(T1)为研究对象,探讨了大蒜间套作对西瓜叶片抗氧化酶、生长、产量和土壤生物学特性的影响,结果表明:套作大蒜后,植株的蔓长和叶片数略有减少,与对照相比差异不显著;西瓜枯萎病发病率显著减少;西瓜的叶片保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性增加(P<0.05),膜氧化产物MDA减少;植株的单瓜重和亩产量增加;土壤中细菌、放线菌含量显著增加,真菌和尖孢镰刀菌显著减少(P<0.05);土壤转化酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性均显著增加(P<0.05)。因此,间套作大蒜,改善了土壤微生态,提高了土壤微生物数量和多样性,提高了土壤酶活性,提高了植株抗氧化酶活性,最终促进西瓜生长,减少了植株枯萎病发病率,在西瓜绿色优质可持续栽培方面有一定指导意义。The watermelon“Qianli No.2”was used as the experimental material.Two treatments of watermelon single for CK and T1(intercropping for garlic)were set up in the experiment.The single watermelon and watermelon intercropping for garlic were used as the research object.The effects of the intercropping garlic on growth,yield,soil biological characteristics and leaves antioxidant enzymes of watermelon were studied.The results showed that the plant vine length and leaf number decreased slightly after the garlic was applied,and the difference was not significant compared with the control.The incidence of watermelon wilt was significantly reduced.The activity of protective enzymes SOD,POD and CAT of watermelon leaf increased(P<0.05).The membrane oxidation product MDA decreased.The single melon weight of plant and yield per acre increased.The soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased significantly.Fungi and Fusarium oxysporum significantly decreased(P<0.05).Soil invertase,urease,catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities were significantly increased(P<0.05).Therefore,intercropping with garlic could improve soil micro-ecology,increase soil microbial quantity and diversity,improve soil enzyme activity,increase plant antioxidant enzyme activity,and ultimately promote watermelon growth and reduces the incidence of plant wilt.There was certain guiding significance in the green quality and sustainable cultivation.

关 键 词：西瓜 生长 产量 抗氧化酶 土壤微生物 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]