马克思反贫困理论探析  

On Marx's Anti-poverty Theory

作　　者：张爽[1,2] 邵晓光 ZHANG Shuang;SHAO Xiao-guang(College of Philosophy,Liaoning University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110036;Department of Social Sciences,Chengde Medical College,Chengde,Hebei 067000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学哲学学院,辽宁沈阳110036 [2]承德医学院社会科学部,河北承德067000

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期65-74,共10页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：辽宁省社会科学规划基金重点项目“习近平总书记关于‘人类命运共同体'思想研究”(L17AGJ001)。

摘　　要：马克思的反贫困理论是马克思主义理论的重要组成部分,马克思立足于资本主义社会生产和无产阶级的贫困现实,对贫困根源进行挖掘,对反贫困的途径和现实指向进行了探寻和阐述。在马克思看来,资本主义机器大生产条件下的生产资料私有制、雇佣劳动制度、工人的异化劳动、资本家对剩余价值的追逐、阶级的差别和压迫都是无产阶级贫困产生的原因,而究其根本,贫困的根源就在于资本主义生产方式。马克思认为,要通过无产阶级武装斗争的革命实践来彻底消灭阶级剥削和资本主义私有制,建立共产主义公有制,在生产力、物质财富充分发展的基础上和历史的生成中,在共产主义社会人的自由而全面发展中,实现对贫困的消除和全人类的共同富裕。马克思运用唯物主义历史观的观点和方法考察资本主义社会现实中以及阶级差别下的贫困问题,他的反贫困理论具有突出的阶级性、实践性、历史性,也是对资产阶级反贫困理论的超越。马克思的反贫困理论对中国现阶段社会发展中的反贫困事业具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。Marx's anti-poverty theory is an important part of Marxist theory.Based on the capitalist social production,Marx makes an in-depth analysis of the poverty reality of the proletariat,excavates the source of poverty,and explores and explains the way and realistic direction of anti-poverty.In Marx's view,private ownership of means of production,employment system,alienated labor of workers,pursuit of surplus value by capitalists,class difference and oppression are all the causes of proletarian poverty,and the root of poverty lies in capitalist mode of production.Marx believes that class exploitation and capitalist private ownership should be completely eliminated through the revolutionary practice of proletarian armed struggle,and the Communist public ownership should be established.On the basis of the full development of productive forces and material wealth and in the formation of history,and in the all-round development of human beings in the Communist society,poverty eradication and common prosperity of all mankind should be realized.Marx uses the historical view and method of materialism to investigate the poverty problem in the capitalist society and under the class difference.His anti-poverty theory has prominent class nature,practicality,historicity,and transcendence to the anti-poverty theory of the bourgeoisie.Marx's antipoverty theory has important guidance and reference significance for the anti-poverty cause in the current stage of social development in China.

关 键 词：马克思 反贫困 私有制 公有制 共产主义 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]