覆膜与植物联合对土壤扬尘控制效果的试验研究  

作　　者：孟庆虎 李乃稳[1] 孙海龙[2] 李广辉 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [3]四川沃尔宜环保科技有限公司,四川成都610065

出　　处：《环境保护与循环经济》2020年第4期40-43,46,共5页environmental protection and circular economy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0206000)“城市扬尘控制技术及应用示范”。

摘　　要：颗粒物是我国大气环境污染的首要污染物之一,土壤扬尘是大气颗粒物的主要来源,已经严重影响到大气质量及人们的生存环境,控制土壤扬尘排放对提升城市大气环境质量具有重要意义。以四川省彭州市附近农田边裸露土壤为研究对象进行人工模拟对照试验,探讨了不同薄膜开孔率与植物联合作用对抑尘效果的影响,以期为土壤扬尘污染的控制提供科学依据。研究表明,PM2.5和PM10的排放浓度随着覆盖膜开孔率的增加而增加,随植被覆盖度的增加而减小。与覆膜作用相比,覆膜和植被覆盖共同作用能降低PM2.5和PM10排放浓度,PM2.5浓度较之前平均下降了69.2%,PM10浓度较之前平均下降了89.3%。仅有植被覆盖作用时,PM2.5和PM10浓度较覆膜和植被覆盖共同作用时分别上升了147.1%和142.3%。通过对比覆膜试验数据可知,60%是最佳开孔率,在覆膜1个月时,PM2.5和PM10浓度平均下降了75.3%和83.9%,在覆膜3个月时,PM2.5和PM10浓度平均下降了72.2%和83.5%。Particulate matter is one of the most important pollutants of air pollution in China,and dust is the main source of atmospheric particulate matter,which has seriously affected the air quality and people′s living environment.Soil dust is one of the important sources of dust in China,so it is of great significance to control soil dust pollution to improve the air quality of urban environment.In this study,the bare soil near the farmland in Pengzhou City of Sichuan Province was used as the research object for artificial simulation test.The effects of different membrane porosity and plant action on dust suppression were discussed in order to provide scientific basis for dust pollution control.The results showed that the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 increased with the increase of membrane porosity and decreased with the increase of vegetation coverage.Compared with using film mulching alone,the simultaneous effect of film mulching and vegetation coverage is better at reducing the emission concentration of PM2.5 and PM10.The emission concentration of PM2.5 decreased by 69.2%and that of PM10 decreases by89.3%on average than before.When there is only vegetation coverage,the emission concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 increased by 147.1%and 142.3%respectively compared with those under the combined action of film mulching and vegetation coverage.The results showed that 60%was the best opening rate,the average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 decreased 75.3%and 83.9%in one month,and 72.2%and 83.5%in three months.

关 键 词：土壤扬尘 可降解薄膜 开孔率 植被覆盖度 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]