人工智能体刑法地位的教义学反思  

Reflections on the doctrine of the status of artificial intelligence in criminal law

作　　者：王肃之 WANG Suzhi(The Second Circuit Court of the Supreme People’s Court,Shenyang 110179,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]最高人民法院第二巡回法庭,辽宁沈阳110179

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期122-130,共9页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：上海市社会科学规划青年课题“人工智能致害责任:法理基础、致害类型及归责路径”(2018EFX001);中国博士后科学基金(2018M642886)。

摘　　要：随着智慧社会的到来,人工智能体广泛应用于社会各个领域,智能水平不断提升,与之相关的犯罪问题逐渐走向理论和实践的焦点。人工智能体冲击着刑法教义学主体和客体相区分的二元结构,引发了广泛的讨论和争议。探讨人工智能体的刑法地位应当改变混同分析主体性和能力性的思路,区分不法和责任两个层面进行研究。应基于人工智能的发展阶段,明确现阶段人工智能体仍然属于弱人工智能,因此其无法成为犯罪人或被害人,也无法具备责任能力或承担刑事责任。但是人工智能体日益可能成为犯罪对象,与之相关的自然人和法人犯罪也应当受到重视。探讨人工智能相关的刑法问题应当立足于教义学的基本立场与理论范式。With the advent of the intelligent society,artificial intelligence is widely used in various fields of society,and the level of intelligence is constantly improving. The crime problems related to it gradually move towards the focus of theory and practice. Artificial intelligence has impacted the dual structure of the subject and object of criminal theory,which led to extensive discussion and controversy. To explore the criminal law status of artificial intelligence should change the analysis way of combining the subjectivity and ability,and distinguish between the two levels of illegality and responsibility. It should be based on the development stage of artificial intelligence,and it is clear that artificial intelligence still belongs to weak artificial intelligence at this stage,so it cannot become a criminal or a victim,nor can it have the capacity for responsibility or take criminal responsibility. However,artificial intelligence is increasingly likely to be the object of crime,and related crimes of natural person and legal person should also be taken seriously. The discussion of criminal problems related to artificial intelligence should be based on the basic position and theoretical paradigm of doctrine.

关 键 词：人工智能体 主体性 犯罪对象 责任能力 罪过 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]