汉语句末助词研究的方法论思考  

On the methodology of studying Chinese sentence-final particles

作　　者：赵春利[1] Zhao Chunli

机构地区：[1]暨南大学中文系,510632

出　　处：《汉语学报》2020年第2期44-55,共12页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：广东省高等学校珠江学者岗位计划资助项目(2019);暨南领航计划(19JNLH04);国家社科基金一般项目(17BYY026)和重大项目(16ZDA209)、(18ZDA291)的资助

摘　　要：本文以语义语法理论为指导,在综述各派句末助词研究方法的基础上,根据句末助词语法意义的性质和特点提出了句末助词研究的四条原则。首先,各派语法理论研究句末助词的本体论、认识论和目的论不同,可从方法论上分成四派:传统语法的语感自省法、描写语法的分布比较法、功能语法的语用认知法、生成语法的层阶定位法,并根据历史和逻辑,提出语义语法理论要完成把传统语法、描写语法、功能语法与生成语法"合为一炉"的历史使命。其次,根据语义语法理论,对语法意义进行界定和分类,把句末助词的语法意义的性质归为功能性的,提出了四个特点:意会易而言传难、感知易而界定难、使用易而辨析难、体悟易而验证难。最后,根据句末助词的性质和特点,提出了语义语法研究句末助词方法论的四条原则:精确定位原则、意义提取原则、正反验证原则和系统解释原则。The paper presents four principles of studying Chinese sentence-final particles based on semantic grammar theory after reviewing different approaches. First, four approaches to studying sentence-final particles are classified, namely, traditional language introspection, descriptive distributive comparison, functional cognitive analysis, and generative rank verification, based on their ontology, methodology and teleology. It is proposed that semantic grammar theory can integrate them into a whole. Second, grammatical meaning is defined and classified based on semantic grammar theory. It is held that the grammatical meaning of sentence-final particles is functional and it has four features: 1) easy to understand but difficult to express, 2) easy to percept but difficult to define, 3) easy to use but difficult to distinguish, and 4) easy to feel but difficult to verify. Finally, four principles are concluded in studying sentence-final particles based on semantic grammar theory, namely, accurate location, meaning extraction, positive and negative verification, and systematic interpretation.

关 键 词：语义语法 功能性语法意义 概念性语法意义 正反验证 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]