高复种指数区成都市郫都区农田土壤养分特征及其空间变异研究  

Soil nutrient characteristics and spatial variability of farmland in high multiple cropping index area of Pidu District,Chengdu City

作　　者：王斌[1] 黄盛怡 闵庆文[2] 袁正 张碧天 李禾尧 WANG Bin;HUANG Shengyi;MIN Qingwen;YUAN Zheng;ZHANG Bitian;LI Heyao(Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Beijing Science Research Center,Beijing 100000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]北京市科普研究中心,北京100000

出　　处：《生态科学》2020年第3期151-159,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505403);成都市郫都区水旱轮作与川西林盘农业文化遗产保护研究。

摘　　要：成都平原属典型的水田农业区,复种指数高,农作物一年两熟或三熟。为探究高土地利用率地区农田土壤养分特征及其空间分布格局,基于成都市郫都区2015年测土配方施肥数据,运用经典统计学和地统计学方法揭示该区域农田土壤养分的描述性统计特征及其空间变异。结果显示:郫都区农田土壤有机质(SOM)、总氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)含量均值分别为22.35 g·kg^-1、1.15 g·kg^-1、95.38 mg·kg^-1、21.01 mg·kg^-1和104.58 mg·kg^-1,不同土壤类型及不同种植模式农田土壤养分差异总体较小,表明高强度的人类活动使郫都区土壤养分含量变得均一;半方差分析显示,SOM和AK的块金系数分别为0.39和0.62,其空间变异由土壤母质、地形、气候条件等结构性因素和耕作制度、施肥条件等随机性因素共同作用引起;TN、AN和AP的块金系数分别为0.87、0.94和0.97,其空间变异性主要受耕作制度、施肥条件等随机性因素影响;结合已有研究来看,郫都区农田SOM块金系数呈下降趋势而TN、AN和AP块金系数呈增加趋势,表明随着郫都区作物产量与作物复种指数的不断提高,以蔬菜为主的旱作模式代替传统的水旱轮作模式、复合肥代替农家肥等生产方式的改变正在影响着郫都区农田土壤养分的空间分布格局。Chengdu Plain is a typical paddy agricultural area with a high multiple cropping index,where crops could be harvested for two or three times per year.In order to explore the soil nutrient characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of farmland in high land use area,this study used the classical statistics and geostatistical methods to analyze the 2015 soil testing and fertilization data in Pidu District and try to reveal the descriptive statistical characteristics and spatial variability of farmland soil nutrients in this region.The results show that,the average contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)in Pidu District were 22.35 g·kg^-1,1.15 g·kg^-1,95.38 mg·kg^-1,21.01 mg·kg^-1 and 104.58 mg·kg^-1,respectively.There were less differences in soil nutrients of different soil types and planting patterns,indicating that the soil nutrient content of farmland in Pidu District was relatively consistent due to the high-intensity human production activities.Semi-variogram analysis showed that the nugget coefficients of SOM and AK were 0.39 and 0.62,respectively,indicating that their spatial variations were caused by the combination of structural factors such as soil parent material,topography and climatic conditions,and random factors such as farming system and fertilization conditions.Combined with the existing research,the nugget coefficient of SOM in the farmland of Pidu District showed a declining trend,while TN,AN and AP showed an increasing trend.It indicated that with the continuous increasing of crop yield and crop multiple cropping index,the changes of the vegetable-based dry farming model replaced the traditional paddy-upland rotation model and compound fertilizer instead of farmyard manure were happening,which had an impact on the spatial distribution pattern of farmland soil nutrients in Pidu District.

关 键 词：农田土壤 养分含量 种植模式 空间分布 郫都区 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]