中印边界战争前后美国对印度态度的变化——兼论美印关系的历史基础  

The Changes of the US’s Attitudes Towards India Around the China-India Border War--On the Basis of the US-India Relationship

作　　者：孟庆龙[1,2] Meng Qinglong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100006 [2]武汉大学国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期76-93,209,共19页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中英美印俄五国有关中印边界问题解密档案文献整理与研究(1950-1965)”(12&ZD189)。

摘　　要：在中印边界战争前后十几年里,美国出于与苏联等社会主义国家争夺影响、向南亚渗透和扩大自身利益又不至过多损伤美英关系等方面的考虑,对印度的态度经历了从不甚关注到重视程度不断提高、从主要提供经济技术援助扩大到包括军事援助的过程,说明美国的外交政策随着地区形势和国际关系以及对自身利益考量的变化而变化。在这一过程中,美国从来没有平等地对待过印度,对印度的援助请求也很少满足过,军事援助往往有附加条件,在援印问题上更不愿出头,千方百计希望英国承担主要责任。印度在寻求美援的同时极力保持尊严。这一时期的美国对印政策和美印互动奠定了日后美印关系的基础,也在很大程度上决定了当前美印关系的走势,有助于人们认识"印太战略"的前景,即不论美印走得多近,势造得多高,也很难发展到盟友关系,所谓秃鹰和大象合流对付中国龙的概率不会太大。During the period of a decade or more before and after the China-India Border War in 1962,the US’s attitude toward India had experienced a process of escalating attentions and expanding its aid to India from economy and technology to military,considering its competition with the Soviet Union and other socialist countries,and its gradual penetration into South Asia so as to enhance its interests without hurting the USUK relations.As a result,we witnessed that the US,for the sake of its own interest,changed its foreign policy along with the development of the regional and international situations.Nevertheless,the US had never treated India equally and seldom satisfied India’s requirements of aid.Its military aid always had strings attached.The US would never want to take the lead to aid India and would like the UK to be the forerunner.India had strongly upheld its dignity when accepting the US’s aids.The US’s policy toward India and the US-India relationship during this period laid a foundation for their relations in the future,and also largely decided the current tendency of their bilateral relations.It also helped people to clearly see through the prospects of the so-called Indian Pacific Strategy.And that is to say,no matter how close they may become,the US and India would have difficulty developing into allies.Therefore,the probability of the vulture and the elephant collaborating against the dragon of China would not be so large.

关 键 词：中印边界 美国 印度 态度 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D835.1[政治法律—外交学]